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How supporting Palestine became a career killer for Gen Z

News Feed
Wednesday, September 25, 2024

Basseema Abouassaad thought they had finally landed their dream job. Fresh out of college, Abouassaad, who uses all pronouns, was hired in April by an environmental conservation organization. It seemed like the perfect start to their career – a stable position aligned with their values. But their elation was short-lived.By June, Abouassaad found themselves unemployed, caught in the crossfire of one of the most contentious global conflicts of our time. The reason? An article surfaced, listing Abouassaad as providing off-site legal support for pro-Palestine protesters. Abouassaad requested that their name be removed from the article for their safety, but the measure came too late.“Two days later I was fired,” recounted Abouassaad, already widely recognized as co-founder of Red Star Texas, a mutual aid group that provides food, anti-overdose medication, and contraceptives. “They said it was so that I could ‘engage in my passions’ without any issues or barriers.”The irony wasn’t lost on Abouassaad. The environmental organization, funded by Valero, an oil company producing ethanol, petroleum, and “green diesel,” seemed more concerned about Abouassaad’s political stance than the studies showcasing the “massive” carbon emissions resulting from Israel’s military actions since Oct. 7, 2023.Abouassaad’s story is not unique. Across the United States, young activists are discovering that their support for Palestinian rights is clashing with the status quo, and it’s costing them job opportunities. In the wake of Israel’s military actions in Gaza, which have sparked nationwide protests, a disturbing pattern has emerged: many companies are punishing Gen Z organizers for fighting for what they believe in.From Yale to Gallaudet University, the only U.S. higher education institution specifically for the deaf and hard of hearing, student protests have returned to decry the violence, which UN officials say there are “reasonable grounds” to believe constitutes genocide. Many students have organized through the National Students for Justice in Palestine collective. The resulting backlash has been severe.“I think right now we are seeing a resurgence of repression on campuses that we haven’t seen since the late 1960s,” said Risa Lieberwitz, a Cornell University professor of labor and employment law who serves as general counsel for the AAUP, told the Associated Press.Several universities have defended the crackdown on students, citing campus safety concerns or older policies that prohibit the occupation of an admin building or the obstruction of pathways.The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), the U.S.’s largest Muslim civil liberties organization, has documented instances of Islamophobia on campus, including the destruction of Quranic artwork, harassment and threats, and even a “doxxing truck” on Harvard’s campus. Doxxing—the non-consensual publication of someone’s private information like phone numbers or home addresses—can have devastating consequences, especially for marginalized activists. Doxxing can often lead to a flood of threatening phone calls, emails, letters, physical harassment at home, and even the doxxing of loved ones.A recent study by Intelligent paints a stark picture: nearly 30% of students who participated in pro-Palestine protests reported having job offers rescinded. Even more alarmingly, 70% faced questions about their activism during job interviews, a practice that skirts the edge of employment discrimination laws.“Companies have taken a particular way of getting rid of people,” said Mahir Nisar, principal attorney at Nisar Law Group. “It’s necessary to raise the concern that this is not okay. They actually may be engaging in unlawful activity.”Personal accounts highlight the severity of the situation. Ridikkuluz, a Palestinian-Jordanian student in Berlin, was fired from a finance job for refusing to write a pro-Israel statement.“I knew that wasn’t the case,” they said, noting the immediate shunning by coworkers. Financial hardship now looms. “I would sell my work about Palestine but that wouldn’t sit right with me,” Ridikkuluz said.“There is a level of ‘you did something wrong for this to be happening to you, you did commit some kind of crime and you are deserving of this happening to you,’” a Harvard student protester told ABC News in October.Legal experts are raising concerns about the potential illegality of such hiring practices. Nisar, whose law firm specializes in employee discrimination, argues that pro-Palestinian activism does not pose a “legitimate business concern” to employers. “The laws basically protect people from discrimination based upon their identity,” Nisar added. “When somebody is speaking up on this particular issue, that [person] is protected against being discriminated against if you are speaking up on behalf of Palestinians or Muslims being slaughtered at this time.”Tracing anti-Muslim bias from universities to the job marketCAIR’s Research and Advocacy Director Corey Saylor highlights the majority of university administrations for enabling this anti-Arab and anti-Muslim violence, which has ranged from withholding degrees to deploying aggressive police responses against peaceful protesters.Saylor cited George Washington University as an example after they canceled a trauma support program for Palestinian students within 24 hours of its launch. “After the raid of the encampment, we were sent pictures of Islamic prayer mats being thrown in the trash,” Saylor recalled. “I’ve had several people report Qurans being trashed.”The anti-Arab and anti-Muslim violence and punishment towards pro-Palestine advocates on campus isn’t confined to university grounds, but also extends to the job market.Experts suggest that this repeated cycle of anti-Palestinian discrimination, both in academia and the job market, persists due to outdated legal frameworks in the United States. The law has failed to keep pace with evolving understandings of Islamophobia and its impacts on Palestinian, Arab and Muslim Americans.“The law does not possess the language we desperately need to accurately capture the totality of Palestinian subjugation,” Palestinian American human rights lawyer Rabea Eghbariah writes in his article “Toward Nakba As A Legal Concept,” which was published, removed, and later reinstated at the Columbia Law Review. “There is a dire need for a new approach.”Palestine Legal, which supports the Palestine solidarity movement, saw a 400% increase in requests for legal aid between Oct. 7 and Dec. 31, 2023.CAIR also reported a 56% increase in anti-Muslim bias incidents nationwide in April 2024, with 44% of those occurring in the last three months of 2023. And from January to June 2024, there was a 69% jump in reported incidents compared to the same time period the prior year.Legal strategies to hold employers and universities accountableAs campus protests have returned, backlash continues towards pro-Palestine students, faculty, and staff. While some administrations have reached tentative deals for divestment, several others have revised their protest policies. Indiana University forbids protests after 11pm. Emory University prohibited protests from midnight to 7am and enacted a total ban on encampments and building occupation. Police violently dispersed a die-in at the University of Michigan in August. In a public statement, the institution said “we are prohibited from interfering with lawful speech and are also required to intervene when anyone attempts to substantially disrupt or interfere with the lawful speech of others.”“There’s also very reasonable concern about schools overreacting,” said Saylor. “With arrests and schools asking for prosecutions and pursuing disciplinary measures.”In response to the escalating discrimination, legal advocates have taken rigorous action to protect students’ job prospects and hold universities accountable. Palestine Legal and CAIR have filed a series of Title VI civil rights complaints, alleging racial discrimination against pro-Palestine students. These legal efforts have prompted the Department of Education to launch federal investigations into high-profile institutions like Columbia, Emory, and Northwestern.The catalyst for these probes was the universities’ authorization of forceful police crackdowns on student protesters. At these schools, campus security arrested peaceful demonstrators, only for the situations to devolve into violent chaos due to the outsized law enforcement response.In the workforce, some states already carry a legal framework protecting pro-Palestine employees. Federally, all employees are protected by the First Amendment, therefore any firing can result in legal consequences to the employer. Several states also have varying laws protecting workers specifically from political discrimination, such as California, North Dakota, New Mexico, New York, Washington, and Washington D.C.In 2021, Palestine Legal wrote a letter to Google regarding retaliation towards workers protesting Project Nimbus, a $1.2 billion digital cloud deal with Amazon and the Israeli Defense Forces. Palestine Legal wrote that such treatment of employees violates Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, which “gives applicable employees the right to “engage in . . . concerted activities for the purpose of mutual aid or protection.”Political affiliation is not a protected class under Title VII, but as advocates suggest that identity on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, etc., may be used as a strategy in the workforce. Nisar, who provides legal education on his TikTok account, stressed the importance of documenting everything for everyone. “Always develop a paper trail,” he said. “Make sure that it’s done in a written fashion. Specify that it discriminates upon your identity. You want to do it via email. You are always making sure that when you’re speaking up you’re raising your identity [in relationship] to discrimination towards Palestinians or Muslims. This requires that you preserve evidence.”Nisar also emphasized that one be careful to not engage in anything that could constitute discriminatory practice as well. “Whenever they’re speaking up it’s important that they don’t engage in discrimination of their own. A lot of people get caught up in these situations. You can’t fight hate with hate. You have to remember that you’re fighting for a greater principle.”While filing a lawsuit in these states or situations may seem logical, processing the ongoing conflict alongside legal battle can prove emotionally and financially taxing for many. Some might lack the resources to hire a lawyer. Others, like Abouassaad, opt for severance packages instead of lengthy legal battles. “One way to advocate for myself is continuing to be able to survive,” they said. “I accepted that money because f*ck them, pay me.”For others like Abouassaad, the bigger picture matters more than personal grievances. “There’s a genocide happening,” they said. “I’m not at the capacity to deal with an entire lawsuit…. It still doesn’t address the overall issue of censorship against Palestinians and the ways corporations can use their access to capital to enforce their world views on other people.”While the federal probes mark an important accountability milestone, legal experts emphasize that addressing the deeper systemic issues will be a protracted battle. They say updating anti-discrimination laws to better reflect modern understandings of Islamophobia remains a pressing imperative.To guide students facing discrimination, CAIR has released an employee rights guide. Recommendations include setting social media accounts to private, avoiding publicly identifying employers, thoroughly documenting any problematic interactions, and demanding written explanations from HR about policy violations.Despite ongoing repression, Saylor believes that the organizing skills and advocacy experience these young people are developing will serve them well for long-term careers.“As this generation graduates, and hopefully come into the advocacy space, they’re going to deliver some really powerful stuff,” said Saylor.Across the pro-Palestinian community, the legal recognition of the Nakba —the violent displacement of some 750,000 Palestinians for the creation of Israel instituted by Britain and the U.S.—is seen as critical to accountability. Eghbariah wrote, “Recognition of Nakba as a universal concept, one acknowledged and prohibited by international norms, is therefore the first step toward a just and lasting solution in Palestine.”This could prove not only a first step towards just global accountability, but also a subsequent end to the anti-war protests and thus work discrimination. “The U.S. can totally stop sending weapons,” Abouassaad said. “After that, everything else will follow.”Rohan Zhou-Lee (They/Siya/祂(Tā)/Elle) is a queer/nonbinary Black Asian dancer, writer, and organizer. A 2023 Open City Fellow at the Asian American Writers’ Workshop, they have written for Newsweek, Prism Reports, NextShark, and more. Siya is also the founder of the award-winning Blasian March, a Black-Asian-Blasian grassroots solidarity organization, and for their work has been featured on CNN, NBC Chicago, USA Today, WNYC, and more. Zhou-Lee has spoken on organizing, human rights, and other subjects at New York University, The University of Tokyo, the 2022 Unite and Enough Festivals in Zürich, Switzerland, Harvard University, and more. www.diaryofafirebird.com

From job offers rescinded to invasive interview questions, the backlash against pro-Palestine activism has become a serious threat to the future of this generation.

Basseema Abouassaad thought they had finally landed their dream job. Fresh out of college, Abouassaad, who uses all pronouns, was hired in April by an environmental conservation organization. It seemed like the perfect start to their career – a stable position aligned with their values. But their elation was short-lived.

By June, Abouassaad found themselves unemployed, caught in the crossfire of one of the most contentious global conflicts of our time. The reason? An article surfaced, listing Abouassaad as providing off-site legal support for pro-Palestine protesters. Abouassaad requested that their name be removed from the article for their safety, but the measure came too late.

“Two days later I was fired,” recounted Abouassaad, already widely recognized as co-founder of Red Star Texas, a mutual aid group that provides food, anti-overdose medication, and contraceptives. “They said it was so that I could ‘engage in my passions’ without any issues or barriers.”

The irony wasn’t lost on Abouassaad. The environmental organization, funded by Valero, an oil company producing ethanol, petroleum, and “green diesel,” seemed more concerned about Abouassaad’s political stance than the studies showcasing the “massive” carbon emissions resulting from Israel’s military actions since Oct. 7, 2023.

Abouassaad’s story is not unique. Across the United States, young activists are discovering that their support for Palestinian rights is clashing with the status quo, and it’s costing them job opportunities. In the wake of Israel’s military actions in Gaza, which have sparked nationwide protests, a disturbing pattern has emerged: many companies are punishing Gen Z organizers for fighting for what they believe in.

From Yale to Gallaudet University, the only U.S. higher education institution specifically for the deaf and hard of hearing, student protests have returned to decry the violence, which UN officials say there are “reasonable grounds” to believe constitutes genocide. Many students have organized through the National Students for Justice in Palestine collective. The resulting backlash has been severe.

“I think right now we are seeing a resurgence of repression on campuses that we haven’t seen since the late 1960s,” said Risa Lieberwitz, a Cornell University professor of labor and employment law who serves as general counsel for the AAUP, told the Associated Press.

Several universities have defended the crackdown on students, citing campus safety concerns or older policies that prohibit the occupation of an admin building or the obstruction of pathways.

The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), the U.S.’s largest Muslim civil liberties organization, has documented instances of Islamophobia on campus, including the destruction of Quranic artwork, harassment and threats, and even a “doxxing truck” on Harvard’s campus. Doxxing—the non-consensual publication of someone’s private information like phone numbers or home addresses—can have devastating consequences, especially for marginalized activists. Doxxing can often lead to a flood of threatening phone calls, emails, letters, physical harassment at home, and even the doxxing of loved ones.

A recent study by Intelligent paints a stark picture: nearly 30% of students who participated in pro-Palestine protests reported having job offers rescinded. Even more alarmingly, 70% faced questions about their activism during job interviews, a practice that skirts the edge of employment discrimination laws.

“Companies have taken a particular way of getting rid of people,” said Mahir Nisar, principal attorney at Nisar Law Group. “It’s necessary to raise the concern that this is not okay. They actually may be engaging in unlawful activity.”

Personal accounts highlight the severity of the situation. Ridikkuluz, a Palestinian-Jordanian student in Berlin, was fired from a finance job for refusing to write a pro-Israel statement.

“I knew that wasn’t the case,” they said, noting the immediate shunning by coworkers. Financial hardship now looms. “I would sell my work about Palestine but that wouldn’t sit right with me,” Ridikkuluz said.

“There is a level of ‘you did something wrong for this to be happening to you, you did commit some kind of crime and you are deserving of this happening to you,’” a Harvard student protester told ABC News in October.

Legal experts are raising concerns about the potential illegality of such hiring practices. Nisar, whose law firm specializes in employee discrimination, argues that pro-Palestinian activism does not pose a “legitimate business concern” to employers. “The laws basically protect people from discrimination based upon their identity,” Nisar added. “When somebody is speaking up on this particular issue, that [person] is protected against being discriminated against if you are speaking up on behalf of Palestinians or Muslims being slaughtered at this time.”

Tracing anti-Muslim bias from universities to the job market

CAIR’s Research and Advocacy Director Corey Saylor highlights the majority of university administrations for enabling this anti-Arab and anti-Muslim violence, which has ranged from withholding degrees to deploying aggressive police responses against peaceful protesters.

Saylor cited George Washington University as an example after they canceled a trauma support program for Palestinian students within 24 hours of its launch. “After the raid of the encampment, we were sent pictures of Islamic prayer mats being thrown in the trash,” Saylor recalled. “I’ve had several people report Qurans being trashed.”

The anti-Arab and anti-Muslim violence and punishment towards pro-Palestine advocates on campus isn’t confined to university grounds, but also extends to the job market.

Experts suggest that this repeated cycle of anti-Palestinian discrimination, both in academia and the job market, persists due to outdated legal frameworks in the United States. The law has failed to keep pace with evolving understandings of Islamophobia and its impacts on Palestinian, Arab and Muslim Americans.

“The law does not possess the language we desperately need to accurately capture the totality of Palestinian subjugation,” Palestinian American human rights lawyer Rabea Eghbariah writes in his article “Toward Nakba As A Legal Concept,” which was published, removed, and later reinstated at the Columbia Law Review. “There is a dire need for a new approach.”

Palestine Legal, which supports the Palestine solidarity movement, saw a 400% increase in requests for legal aid between Oct. 7 and Dec. 31, 2023.

CAIR also reported a 56% increase in anti-Muslim bias incidents nationwide in April 2024, with 44% of those occurring in the last three months of 2023. And from January to June 2024, there was a 69% jump in reported incidents compared to the same time period the prior year.

Legal strategies to hold employers and universities accountable

As campus protests have returned, backlash continues towards pro-Palestine students, faculty, and staff. While some administrations have reached tentative deals for divestment, several others have revised their protest policies. Indiana University forbids protests after 11pm. Emory University prohibited protests from midnight to 7am and enacted a total ban on encampments and building occupation. Police violently dispersed a die-in at the University of Michigan in August. In a public statement, the institution said “we are prohibited from interfering with lawful speech and are also required to intervene when anyone attempts to substantially disrupt or interfere with the lawful speech of others.”

“There’s also very reasonable concern about schools overreacting,” said Saylor. “With arrests and schools asking for prosecutions and pursuing disciplinary measures.”

In response to the escalating discrimination, legal advocates have taken rigorous action to protect students’ job prospects and hold universities accountable. Palestine Legal and CAIR have filed a series of Title VI civil rights complaints, alleging racial discrimination against pro-Palestine students. These legal efforts have prompted the Department of Education to launch federal investigations into high-profile institutions like Columbia, Emory, and Northwestern.

The catalyst for these probes was the universities’ authorization of forceful police crackdowns on student protesters. At these schools, campus security arrested peaceful demonstrators, only for the situations to devolve into violent chaos due to the outsized law enforcement response.

In the workforce, some states already carry a legal framework protecting pro-Palestine employees. Federally, all employees are protected by the First Amendment, therefore any firing can result in legal consequences to the employer. Several states also have varying laws protecting workers specifically from political discrimination, such as California, North Dakota, New Mexico, New York, Washington, and Washington D.C.

In 2021, Palestine Legal wrote a letter to Google regarding retaliation towards workers protesting Project Nimbus, a $1.2 billion digital cloud deal with Amazon and the Israeli Defense Forces. Palestine Legal wrote that such treatment of employees violates Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, which “gives applicable employees the right to “engage in . . . concerted activities for the purpose of mutual aid or protection.”

Political affiliation is not a protected class under Title VII, but as advocates suggest that identity on the basis of race, gender, sexual orientation, etc., may be used as a strategy in the workforce. Nisar, who provides legal education on his TikTok account, stressed the importance of documenting everything for everyone. “Always develop a paper trail,” he said. “Make sure that it’s done in a written fashion. Specify that it discriminates upon your identity. You want to do it via email. You are always making sure that when you’re speaking up you’re raising your identity [in relationship] to discrimination towards Palestinians or Muslims. This requires that you preserve evidence.”

Nisar also emphasized that one be careful to not engage in anything that could constitute discriminatory practice as well. “Whenever they’re speaking up it’s important that they don’t engage in discrimination of their own. A lot of people get caught up in these situations. You can’t fight hate with hate. You have to remember that you’re fighting for a greater principle.”

While filing a lawsuit in these states or situations may seem logical, processing the ongoing conflict alongside legal battle can prove emotionally and financially taxing for many. Some might lack the resources to hire a lawyer. Others, like Abouassaad, opt for severance packages instead of lengthy legal battles. “One way to advocate for myself is continuing to be able to survive,” they said. “I accepted that money because f*ck them, pay me.”

For others like Abouassaad, the bigger picture matters more than personal grievances. “There’s a genocide happening,” they said. “I’m not at the capacity to deal with an entire lawsuit…. It still doesn’t address the overall issue of censorship against Palestinians and the ways corporations can use their access to capital to enforce their world views on other people.”

While the federal probes mark an important accountability milestone, legal experts emphasize that addressing the deeper systemic issues will be a protracted battle. They say updating anti-discrimination laws to better reflect modern understandings of Islamophobia remains a pressing imperative.

To guide students facing discrimination, CAIR has released an employee rights guide. Recommendations include setting social media accounts to private, avoiding publicly identifying employers, thoroughly documenting any problematic interactions, and demanding written explanations from HR about policy violations.

Despite ongoing repression, Saylor believes that the organizing skills and advocacy experience these young people are developing will serve them well for long-term careers.

“As this generation graduates, and hopefully come into the advocacy space, they’re going to deliver some really powerful stuff,” said Saylor.

Across the pro-Palestinian community, the legal recognition of the Nakba —the violent displacement of some 750,000 Palestinians for the creation of Israel instituted by Britain and the U.S.—is seen as critical to accountability. Eghbariah wrote, “Recognition of Nakba as a universal concept, one acknowledged and prohibited by international norms, is therefore the first step toward a just and lasting solution in Palestine.”

This could prove not only a first step towards just global accountability, but also a subsequent end to the anti-war protests and thus work discrimination. “The U.S. can totally stop sending weapons,” Abouassaad said. “After that, everything else will follow.”

Rohan Zhou-Lee (They/Siya/祂(Tā)/Elle) is a queer/nonbinary Black Asian dancer, writer, and organizer. A 2023 Open City Fellow at the Asian American Writers’ Workshop, they have written for Newsweek, Prism Reports, NextShark, and more. Siya is also the founder of the award-winning Blasian March, a Black-Asian-Blasian grassroots solidarity organization, and for their work has been featured on CNNNBC ChicagoUSA TodayWNYC, and more. Zhou-Lee has spoken on organizing, human rights, and other subjects at New York University, The University of Tokyo, the 2022 Unite and Enough Festivals in Zürich, Switzerland, Harvard University, and more. www.diaryofafirebird.com

Read the full story here.
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Egg prices hit record highs. Are you ready to try a vegan egg?

Bird flu has apparently done what environmentalists have long dreamed of: made Americans curious about egg alternatives.

Sometimes, Josh Tetrick will quiz strangers in the dairy aisle. He’ll strike up a conversation with a fellow grocery store patron and ask if they’ve heard about “this egg that’s made from plants?” He might point out the golden-yellow boxes shaped like milk cartons sitting on refrigerated shelves, not too far from the egg cartons. Generally, he finds that people don’t know what he’s talking about. “Most people will be like, ‘What?’” The product Tetrick is referring to — which, not coincidentally, he manufactures — is called Just Egg. It’s a liquid vegan egg substitute made from mung beans, a member of the legume family, and it’s designed to scramble just like a real chicken egg when cooked over heat. (The company also sells frozen omelette-style patties that can be heated up in a toaster oven and frozen breakfast burritos.) Along with his best friend Josh Balk, Tetrick cofounded the company Eat Just, formerly known as Hampton Creek, which developed Just Egg over years of testing. On a recent call with Grist, Tetrick described the products — which are meant to look, taste, and cook like real eggs — as “definitely, definitely weird.” But lately, Tetrick says the team at Eat Just has been hearing from restaurant owners and chefs overcoming the weirdness to inquire about becoming new customers — in part because avian influenza has sent egg prices soaring in January and February in the United States. Nationally, the average cost of a dozen large eggs rose to about $5.90 last month, up almost 100 percent from a year before, according to data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In expensive cities like New York and San Francisco, a dozen eggs could cost $10 or more. The pressure has raised prices at some bakeries, brunch spots, and bodegas slinging bacon-egg-and-cheese sandwiches — and has made some buyers and consumers more open to alternatives.  Tetrick has said that Just Egg’s sales are now five times higher than at this time last year, and that a majority of its customers are omnivores. The latest outbreak of avian flu has apparently done what environmentalists and animal rights activists have long dreamed of: made Americans curious about vegan eggs. It’s a development that could indicate how consumers may learn to gradually embrace more environmentally sustainable options. The environmental benefits of not eating meat or dairy have long been documented. A quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions come from the way we grow and produce food; within that, livestock — which includes raising animals for eggs and dairy — is responsible for about a third.  But brands that have tried to capitalize on the climate case for eating plant-based protein have failed to win over customers. Beyond Meat has struggled to reach profitability, while the CEO of Impossible Foods says the industry has done a “lousy job” of appealing to consumers.  Producing eggs has a lower environmental impact than raising beef and other forms of animal protein — but growing feed for laying hens still requires a significant amount of land and resources. Eat Just claims that making its mung bean-based alt-egg uses significantly less land and water than the conventional chicken egg. But Tetrick said its most effective marketing strategy is highlighting the benefits of eating a “healthier protein” for breakfast. For instance, Just Egg contains zero milligrams of cholesterol per serving, while one large chicken egg contains about 180 milligrams.  Josh Tetrick, CEO of the food tech company Eat Just, said sales of its vegan egg substitute are five times higher than last year. Eat Just Over the years, Tetrick’s company, which also houses the cultivated meat subsidiary Good Meat, has received criticism for allegedly exaggerating its environmental claims and sales figures. In 2016, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that the company — then called Hampton Creek — removed the climate benefits of its vegan mayonnaise product, Just Mayo, from its website after an external audit found they were inaccurate. Previously, Bloomberg reported that Hampton Creek had instructed contractors to buy back its vegan mayo from stores. Tetrick said that the buybacks were for quality assurance purposes only, but in 2016 both the Department of Justice and the Securities and Exchange Commission launched inquiries into the company for potentially inflating its sales numbers. The following year, both investigations were dropped.     Those in the plant-based industry say that once vegan alternatives taste as good as real meat and cost the same or less, then sales will go up. Entrepreneurs and advocates have focused on developing the technology, supply chains, and economies of scale needed to lower the price of animal-free protein products. But the current situation with vegan eggs suggests that change can also happen when the animal-based option becomes much more expensive. Prices vary from store to store and region to region, but on the online store for the Manhattan West location of Whole Foods, one 16-ounce carton of Just Egg, the equivalent of about 10 small eggs, costs $7.89. Meanwhile, a dozen eggs, depending on the brand, run from about $7 to up to $13.  Tetrick said that the newly interested potential customers currently talking to Eat Just aren’t motivated by climate change or animal welfare. Their point of view, in his words, is that they’re tired of the unpredictability of egg prices going up and down. That exasperation, he added, “is probably the most effective lens for change.” Earlier this month, Eat Just launched a campaign in New York City advertising its vegan breakfast sandwiches, sold at bodegas, as a “Bird Flu Bailout.” The company’s website cheekily boasts, “We’re in stock.” Founders of vegan egg companies argue that the root cause of price volatility for meat, eggs, and dairy is not any one disease or policy, but the way the United States raises animals. “When you cram animals together in really tight spaces, they’re gonna get sick,” said Tetrick. “It’s not Trump’s fault. It’s not MAGA’s fault. It’s just biology.”  A 2023 report by the United Nations Environmental Programme cited alternative proteins — meaning plant-based foods, as well as cultivated meat and fermentation-derived products — as a way to reduce the risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks. Raising animals for human consumption requires a lot of antibiotics, which raises the risk of creating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. It also creates ideal conditions for viruses to spread, evolve, and cross over to new species. Lowering the global demand for animal protein could greatly reduce those risks. Or as Tetrick put it, “You can pack mung beans into tiny little spaces all you want. They’re not getting the flu.” Hema Reddy, who developed the vegan hard-boiled egg brand WunderEggs during the COVID-19 pandemic, offered a similar critique of industrial animal agriculture. “If the chickens are crowded together, then disease will follow,” she said. “The only solution,” she posited, “is to change the way we farm. And that’s a big step. It’s like moving the Titanic.” WunderEggs are made from almonds, cashews, and coconut milk and are currently sold in stores and online. Like Tetrick, Reddy says she has heard from plenty of newly interested restaurants in the last few months. But she is reluctant to draw long-term conclusions from it, arguing that consumer behavior doesn’t change that quickly. Many people, she argued, “probably want to eat eggs, they’re missing eggs,” and “they’re going to wait for things to get better.” Nationally, the average cost of a dozen large eggs rose to about $5.90 in February, up almost 100 percent from a year before. Zeng Hui / Xinhua via Getty Images But for some adoptees of vegan egg substitutes, the upsides of ditching chicken eggs is obvious. Chef Jason Hull, director of food services at Marin Country Day School in the Bay Area, has been using Just Egg for years. “They have nailed the delicious flavor of egg,” said Hull. He swaps out regular eggs for the plant-based version in baked goods like cookies, muffins, and quick breads, as well as in dishes like fried rice. There’s virtually no difference, he said. While he’s a longtime fan of the brand, the uptick in egg prices has validated his decision. “Especially with egg prices right now, I’m not going to use chicken eggs for baking or fried rice or things like that any time soon,” he said. Hull said some of his peers, especially those in other parts of the country, are potentially less open-minded about vegan egg substitutes. But rising costs may have them reconsidering. Other chefs are “warming up to it, absolutely,” he said. “And the high egg prices are kind of forcing that warm-up.” Wholesale egg prices are trending downward as of March, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data, so this momentum could be short-lived. But it may only be a matter of time before the next price hike happens. “Because the virus is so ubiquitous in so many different environments … it’s hard to imagine the virus ever completely going away at this point,” said Maurice Pitesky, an associate professor in cooperative extension at University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. Reddy insisted that taking advantage of a cost-of-living crisis to promote her product does not sit right with her, and she prefers to let consumers come to their own conclusions about what’s right for them. But if avian influenza continues to upend egg production in the U.S., that might mean the economic case for going dairy-free could become more and more evident with time. Regardless of what happens in the future, Reddy said, “I really think that now is the time for egg alternatives to shine.” This story was originally published by Grist with the headline Egg prices hit record highs. Are you ready to try a vegan egg? on Mar 31, 2025.

California suspends environmental laws to speed rebuilding of utilities after L.A. fires

Gov. Newsom waived CEQA and the California Coastal Act for utilities working to rebuild, and move infrastructure underground, in the Palisades and Eaton fire areas.

In a continued effort to expedite rebuilding after Los Angeles’ devastating firestorms, Gov. Gavin Newsom this week suspended California environmental laws for utility providers working to reinstall key infrastructure. His latest executive order eliminates requirements to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act, commonly known as CEQA, and the California Coastal Act for utilities working to rebuild “electric, gas, water, sewer and telecommunication infrastructure” in the Palisades and Eaton fire burn zones. Newsom also continued to encourage the “undergrounding” of utility equipment when feasible, which he said will help minimize the future fire risk in these communities. “We are determined to rebuild Altadena, Malibu and Pacific Palisades stronger and more resilient than before,” Newsom said in a statement. “Speeding up the pace that we rebuild our utility systems will help get survivors back home faster and prevent future fires.” The move builds on Newsom’s prior executive orders that exempted work rebuilding homes and businesses destroyed or damaged by the fires as well as wildfire prevention efforts from the two environmental laws. CEQA requires local and state agencies to identify and mitigate environmental impacts of their work. The California Coastal Act, which made permanent the California Coastal Commission, lays out regulations for coastal development and protection. While the laws have been heralded by environmentalists, their processes have long been considered onerous by developers, and residents and officials have urged their requirements be lessened or waived to expedite fire recovery. The Trump administration has also taken issue with the California Coastal Commission — which typically regulates any coastal development as enumerated by the state’s Coastal Act — and has indicated further federal aid could have stipulations that target the commission’s work. “The key now is to make sure that we move quickly to address the needs to underground not just traditional utilities for electricity but also water and sewer lines, and do it concurrently,” Newsom said in a video posted on social media this week. Joshua Smith, a spokesperson for the Coastal Commission, declined to comment on the latest executive order.Previously, the commission’s executive director had clarified that coastal development permits are typically waived after disasters like the L.A. fires, as long as new construction won’t be 10% larger than the destroyed structure it is replacing. That statement, however, has since been removed from the commission’s website. In a letter sent last month, Newsom urged Southern California Edison, the area’s largest electricity provider, to do all it can to rebuild lines underground in these areas.“SCE has the opportunity to build back a more modern, reliable and resilient electric distribution system that can meet the community’s immediate and future needs,” Newsom wrote, adding that he welcomed information and suggestions that would ease such efforts and keep costs down. Installing utilities underground is much more expensive than typical above-ground construction, which has limited the practice. David Eisenhauer, an Edison spokesperson, said waiving CEQA and the Coastal Act will help the utility’s ongoing efforts to rebuild and move lines underground.“We appreciate Gov. Newsom’s action to help expedite permitting,” Eisenhauer said. “This will help us continue this process of undergrounding and help the communities rebuild stronger.”Eisenhauer said SoCal Edison is already in the process of reestablishing and moving some of its electrical wires underground in the areas affected by the fires. Some of this work had been planned — and permitted — beforehand, including moving 40 miles of line underground in Altadena and doing likewise with 80 miles in the Palisades area, he said. However, this executive order will help ease the permitting process for future work. It wasn’t immediately clear how other utilities might benefit from the executive order, if at all. Representatives for Southern California Gas Co. and the L.A. Department of Water and Power didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment. Newsom has previously said his executive orders waiving these environmental laws do not signal a shift in California’s support of such efforts, though many environmental activists worry such broad exemptions could have serious consequences down the road. Bruce Reznik, executive director of Los Angeles Waterkeeper, a nonprofit that advocates for clean waterways, said he understands the urgency to rebuild but those efforts need a balance that considers important environmental protections — not blanket waivers and exceptions.“We all want to see the rebuilding happen as quickly as we can … but we also have to be smart about it,” Reznik said. “We have to build recognizing the reality of today’s climate change.”He said the natural space in Altadena and Pacific Palisades was a big part of why people loved living there, and it’s important to protect those areas — as CEQA and the California Coastal Act do. “These laws play a really critical role in making sure as we rebuild we’re doing it with an eye toward climate resilience, protecting against further natural disasters … [and] the health of our waterways and ecosystems,” he said. “Unfortunately, that hasn’t been the way the governor has operated, and you have to worry about what that will mean.”Susan Jordan, executive director of the California Coastal Protection Network, said Newsom’s continued exemptions build on concerning environmental practices she’s seen in the fires’ aftermath, including the decision not to test soil in affected areas.“I hope that the governor will one day recognize that the Coastal Commission is a willing partner and one of the best tools he has in his toolbox to ensure a quick, informed and coordinated response to establish future long-term resiliency along the coast,” Jordan said in a statement.

Biden Administration Offshore Oil and Gas Lease in Gulf Coast Is Unlawful, Federal Judge Says

A federal judge has ruled that more than 109,000 square miles of Gulf Coast federal were unlawfully opened up for offshore drilling leases

NEW ORLEANS (AP) — An expanse of Gulf Coast federal waters larger than the state of Colorado was unlawfully opened up for offshore drilling leases, according to a ruling by a federal judge, who said the Department of Interior did not adequately account for the offshore drilling leases' impacts on planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions and an endangered whale species.The future of one of the most recent offshore drilling lease sales authorized under the Biden administration is in jeopardy after District Court for the District of Columbia Judge Amit Mehta’s finding on Thursday that the federal agency violated bedrock environmental regulations when it allowed bidding on 109,375 square miles (283,280 square kilometers) of Gulf Coast waters.Environmental groups, the federal government and the oil and gas industry are now discussing remedies. Earth Justice Attorney George Torgun, representing the plaintiffs, said one outcome on the table is invalidating the sale of leases worth $250 million across 2,500 square miles (6,475 square kilometers) of Gulf federal waters successfully bid on by companies.The leases in the Gulf Coast were expected to produce up to 1.1 billion barrels of oil and more than 4 trillion cubic feet (113 billion cubic meters) of natural gas over 50 years, according to a government analysis. Burning that oil would increase carbon dioxide emissions by tens of millions of tons, the analysis found.The agency “failed to take a ‘hard look’” at the full extent of the carbon footprint of expanding drilling in the Gulf Coast, the judge wrote. The auction was one of three offshore oil and gas lease sales mandated as part of a 2022 climate bill compromise designed to ensure support from now-retired Sen. Joe Manchin, a leading recipient of oil and gas industry donations. Another of the mandated oil and gas lease sales, in Alaska’s Cook Inlet, was overturned by a federal judge last July on similar grounds.“If federal officials are going to continue greenlighting offshore drilling, the least they can do is fully analyze its harms,” said Hallie Templeton, legal director at Friends of the Earth, a nonprofit that is of the plaintiffs in the lawsuit. “We will keep fighting to put a full stop to this destructive industry, and in the meantime, we will keep a close watch on the government to ensure compliance with all applicable laws and mandates.”The drilling would also threaten the Rice’s whale, a species with less than 100 individuals estimated to remain and which lives exclusively in the Gulf Coast, according to court records filed by environmental advocacy groups.A Department of the Interior spokesperson said the agency could not comment on pending litigation.The process did not meet the standards of the National Environmental Policy Act, or NEPA, which requires federal agencies analyzes the environmental impacts of their actions prior to decision-making around federal lands.The American Petroleum Institute, or API, an oil and gas trade association representing more than 600 firms and a party to the Gulf Coast case, said it is evaluating its options after this week's ruling.API spokesperson Scott Lauermann said the case is an example of activists “weaponizing” a permitting process, “underscoring how permitting reform is essential to ensuring access to affordable, reliable energy.” Chevron, a defendant in the lawsuit, declined to comment and referred The Associated Press to the API's statement.Three offshore oil and gas lease sales are scheduled over the course of the next five years.Brook is a corps member for The Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. Follow Brook on the social platform X: @jack_brook96.Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See - Feb. 2025

Love Motels and Converted Ferries: Brazil Gets Creative to Host COP30

By Manuela Andreoni and Lisandra ParaguassuBELEM, Brazil (Reuters) - Environmental activists from around the globe have eagerly awaited Brazil's...

By Manuela Andreoni and Lisandra ParaguassuBELEM, Brazil (Reuters) - Environmental activists from around the globe have eagerly awaited Brazil's turn hosting the United Nations climate summit, known as COP30, after three years where the conference of world leaders tackling global warming was held in countries without full freedom for public demonstrations. But the so-called "People's COP" may not be as welcoming as they hoped.  Sky-high accommodation costs are threatening Brazil's stated goal of inclusion, and the government is racing to multiply the 18,000 beds now available in the Amazonian host city of Belem, turning to motels aimed at amorous couples, ferries that normally ply the rivers, and school classrooms to host visitors.  President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has said his goal in bringing COP30 to the Amazon was to focus the world's attention on a forest that both offers unique solutions to climate change, by locking away planet-warming carbon, and suffers some of its gravest consequences, in the form of wildfires and drought. While many climate change campaigners have celebrated that focus, some have also expressed fears that hosting such a major event may strain the fragile region and compromise the success of the conference. Belem, a port city of 1.3 million on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, is speckled with construction sites. The Brazilian government is pouring some $1 billion into new infrastructure. But much work remains to accommodate an expected 60,000-plus visitors.Two global advocacy groups who declined to be named told Reuters that scouts they hired had found accommodation prices for the November conference were several times higher than what they paid last year in Baku, Azerbaijan. Even the cheapest rooms are going for $400, and they are averaging around $1,500 a night.Lula shrugged off the hotel crunch in a recent visit to Belem, suggesting those who cannot find accommodation should sleep "looking at the sky – it will be wonderful."At the heart of the problem is a question that has become more acute as the annual COP has grown from a gathering of world leaders and diplomats to a sprawling conference mixing activists, businesses and government officials: Who is the U.N. climate summit really for? "It feels like a mundane thing, but it's actually politically very important," said Tasneem Essop, executive director of the Climate Action Network. "The ability to address the accommodation problems can make or break a COP."Civil society groups say their access is key to keeping pressure on negotiators, citing the role of public advocacy in breakthroughs such as the creation of the Loss and Damage Fund in 2022 to channel resources from wealthy nations to address destruction caused by climate change in poorer countries."Everybody's been waiting for the Brazil COP," Essop said. "For civil society, it is that point where once again we're going to be at the COP with space for our actions."FEW HOTELS, PLENTY OF CREATIVITY Brazil has already shifted the dates for heads of state to attend the summit to the week before the main event, trying to ease pressure on Belem's thin hotel supply. Two hotels are being built and two cruise ships for attendees will be docked in a nearby harbor.Entrepreneurs are hard at work figuring out other creative ways to accommodate the visitors. Businesses are looking to refurbish ferries with high-end suites. Developers plan to use idle land to put up refurbished shipping containers. Schools and churches have been earmarked to serve as hostels. Love motels that usually rent rooms by the hour are being advertised as options for full national delegations. Yorann Costa, the owner of Motel Secreto, said he can tone down the "more sensual mood" of his establishment by removing erotic chairs."But the poles, for example, I can't take out," he said, adding that the ceiling mirrors would also have to stay. Setting the right price was also tough, he said, because of the fierce speculation around what people were willing to pay. Valter Correia, Brazil's special secretary for COP30, said his office is planning to launch an official booking website within weeks to organize the market. He said his office is also looking for ways to discourage price gouging. Correia said the government expects around 45,000 people to attend COP and that the government has planned enough new accommodation to meet that demand.However, the People's Summit, a side-event run by activist groups, says it expects an additional 15,000. Organizers say they are planning to help with accommodation, for example by building campsites.City and state officials are also encouraging residents to travel and rent out their homes. That has unleashed a gold rush of sorts in Belem. Ads charging hundreds of thousands of dollars to rent apartments and houses for the month of COP have become common. Interviews with landlords, tenants and a building manager revealed dozens of cases of people who were refused renewal of their rental lease so landlords could prepare apartments for COP visitors paying ten times or more the usual rate. Rafaela Rodrigues, a businesswoman who says she was refused renewal of her rental, said she later found the apartment advertised for several times what she used to pay."It was chaos," she said. "I had 10 days to look for a new place, rent it, move and give back my other apartment."(Reporting by Manuela Andreoni in Belem and Lisandra Paraguassu in Brasilia; Editing by Brad Haynes and Rosalba O'Brien)Copyright 2025 Thomson Reuters.

The most important part of the ocean you've never heard of

The Saya de Malha Bank is one of the world's largest seagrass fields and the planet's most important carbon sinks. It faces incalculable risks that threaten the future of humanity.

The most important place on earth that virtually no one has ever heard of is called the Saya de Malha Bank. Among the world’s largest seagrass fields and the planet’s most important carbon sinks, this high-seas patch of ocean covers an area the size of Switzerland. More than 200 miles from land, the submerged bank is situated in the Indian Ocean between Mauritius and Seychelles. It has been called the world’s largest invisible island as it is formed by a massive plateau, in some spots barely hidden under 30 feet of water, offering safe haven to an unprecedented biodiversity of seagrass habitats for turtles and breeding grounds for sharks, humpback and blue whales.Researchers say that the bank is one of the least scientifically studied areas of the planet partly because of its remoteness. The area’s unpredictable depths have also meant that, over the centuries, merchant ships and explorers tended to avoid these waters. It has long been the type of fantastical realm so uncharted that on the old maps, it would be designated “Here Be Monsters.” More recently, though, the bank is traversed by a diverse cast of characters, including shark finners, bottom trawlers, seabed miners, stranded fishers, starving crews, wealthy yachters and libertarian seasteaders.The tragedy, however, is that since the Saya de Malha Bank is mostly located in international waters, where few rules apply, its biodiversity is being systematically decimated by a huge fleet of industrial fishing ships that remain largely unchecked by government oversight. The bank remains unprotected by any major binding treaties largely due to an anemia of political will by national authorities and a profits-now, costs-later outlook of fishing interests. The question now: Who will safeguard this public treasure? Mowing down an eco-systemMore than 500 years ago, when Portuguese sailors came across a shallow-water bank on the high seas over 700 miles east of the northern tip of Mauritius, they named it Saya de Malha, or “mesh skirt,” to describe the rolling waves of seagrass below the surface. The Saya de Malha bank, which means “mesh skirt” in Portuguese, was named to describe the rolling waves of seagrass just below the surface. It is part of the mascarene plateau in the Indian Ocean and is one of the largest submerged banks in the world. (James Michel Foundation) Seagrasses are frequently overlooked because they are rare, estimated to cover only a tenth of 1% of the ocean floor. “They are the forgotten ecosystem,” said Ronald Jumeau, the Seychelles ambassador for climate change. Nevertheless, seagrasses are far less protected than other offshore areas. Only 26% of recorded seagrass meadows fall within marine protected areas, compared with 40% of coral reefs and 43% of the world’s mangroves.The Saya de Malha Bank is existentially crucial to the planet because it is one of the world’s biggest carbon sinks. Much like trees on land, seagrass absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores it in its roots and soil. But seagrass does it especially fast — at a rate 35 times that of tropical rainforest. What makes the situation in the Saya de Malha Bank even more urgent is that it’s being systematically decimated by a multinational fleet of fishing ships that virtually no one tracks or polices.Often described as the lungs of the ocean, seagrasses capture about a fifth of all its carbon and they are home to vast biodiversity. Seagrass also cleans polluted water and protects coastlines from erosion. At a time when ocean acidification threatens the survival of the world’s coral reefs and the thousands of fish species that inhabit them, seagrasses reduce acidity by absorbing carbon through photosynthesis, according to a 2021 report by the University of California. Seagrasses provide shelters, nurseries, and feeding grounds for thousands of species, including endangered animals such as dugongs, stalked jellyfish and smalltooth sawfish. Seagrass meadows like the Saya de Malha bank absorb about a fifth of all oceanic carbon. They also clean polluted water. Acting as a dense net, they trap microplastics and lock them away in the sediment. (Greenpeace / The Outlaw Ocean Project) But the Saya de Malha is under threat. More than 200 distant-water vessels — most of them from Sri Lanka and Taiwan — have parked in the deeper waters along the edge of the bank. Ocean conservationists say that efforts to conserve the bank’s seagrass are not moving fast enough to make a difference. “It’s like walking north on a southbound train,” said Heidi Weiskel, director of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.On May 23, 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution to declare March 1 as World Seagrass Day. The resolution was sponsored by Sri Lanka. Speaking at the assembly, the Permanent Representative of Sri Lanka to the UN, Ambassador Mohan Pieris, said seagrasses were “one of the most valuable marine ecosystems on earth,” highlighting, among other things, their outsize contribution to carbon sequestration. But recognition is one thing; action is another. As the ambassador gave his speech in New York, dozens of ships from his country’s fishing fleet were 9,000 miles away, busily scraping the biggest of those very ecosystems he was calling on the world to protect. VIDEO | 05:54 Saya de Malha: Robbing the bank Share via Plumbing seafloor wealthFor the past decade, the mining industry has argued that the ocean floor is an essential frontier for rare-earth metals needed in the batteries used in cellphones and laptops. As companies eye the best patches of ocean to search for the precious sulphides and nodules, dubbed “truffles of the ocean,” the waters near the Saya de Malha Bank have emerged as an attractive target. Black, potato-sized polymetallic nodules scattered on the seafloor in 2019 drew prospectors for their cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese. (Southeastern U.S. Deep-sea Exploration / Office of Ocean Exploration and Research / NOAA) To vacuum up the treasured nodules requires industrial extraction by massive excavators. Typically 30 times the weight of regular bulldozers, these machines drive along the sea floor, suctioning up the rocks, crushing them and sending a slurry of pulverized nodules and seabed sediment through a series of pipes to a vessel above. After separating out the minerals, the mining ships then pipe back overboard the processed waters, sediment and mining “fines,” which are the small particles of the ground-up nodule ore. This 2020 animation demonstrates how a collector vehicle launched from a ship during deep-sea mining would travel 15,000 feet below sea level to collect polymetallic nodules containing essential minerals. (MIT Mechanical Engineering / The Outlaw Ocean Project) Most of the bank is too shallow to be a likely candidate for such mining, but cobalt deposits were found in the Mascarene Basin, an area that includes the Saya de Malha Bank, in 1987. South Korea holds a contract from the International Seabed Authority, the international agency that regulates seabed mining, to explore hydrothermal vents on the Central Indian Ridge, about 250 miles east of Saya de Malha, until 2029. India and Germany also hold exploration contracts for an area about 800 miles southeast of the Saya de Malha Bank.All of this activity could be disastrous for the bank’s ecosystem, according to ocean researchers. Mining and exploration activity will raise sediments from the ocean floor, reducing the seagrass’ access to the sunlight it depends on. Sediment clouds from mining can travel hundreds or even thousands of miles, potentially disrupting the entire mid-water food web and affecting important species such as tuna. Research published in 2023 found that a year after test seabed mining disturbed the ocean floor in Japanese waters, the density of fish, crustaceans and jellyfish in nearby areas was cut in half.Proponents of deep seabed mining stress a growing need for these resources. In 2020, the World Bank estimated that the global production of minerals such as cobalt and lithium would have to be increased by over 450% by 2050 to meet the growing demand for clean energy technology.However, skeptics of the industry say that because of the long transport distances and corrosive and unpredictable conditions at sea, the cost of mining nodules offshore will far outstrip the price of doing so on land. Other critics contend that technology is changing so quickly that the batteries used in the near future will be different from those that are used now. Better product design, recycling and reuse of metals already in circulation, urban mining and other “circular” economy initiatives can vastly reduce the need for new sources of metals, said Matthew Gianni, co-founder of the Deep Sea Conservation Coalition.More recently, though, the Metals Company, the largest seabed mining stakeholder, has shifted away from talking about batteries and instead claimed that the metals are needed for missiles and military purposes.The Deep Sea Conservation Coalition, a group of nongovernmental organizations and policy institutes working to protect the deep sea, reports that over 30 countries have called for a moratorium or a precautionary pause on deep-seabed mining. Still, government officials in Mauritius and Seychelles seem to be eager to take advantage of the financial opportunity that seabed mining appears to represent. In 2021, Mauritius hosted a workshop with the African Union and Norad, the Norwegian agency for developmental cooperation, to look into seabed mining prospects.That year, Greenpeace, a member of the conservation coalition, chose the Saya de Malha Bank as the location for the first ever underwater protest of deep-seabed mining. As part of that protest, Shaama Sandooyea, a 24-year-old marine biologist from Mauritius, dove into the bank’s shallow waters with a sign reading “Youth Strike for Climate.” She had a simple point to make: that the pursuit of minerals from the seafloor, without understanding the consequences, was not the route to a green transition. She said: “Seagrasses have been underestimated for a long time now.” Scientist and climate activist Shaama Sandooyea boarded a ship for the first time to carry out an underwater protest at the world’s largest seagrass meadow at the Saya de Malha Bank in the Indian Ocean in March 2021, as a part of Greta Thunberg’s Friday for Futures movement. (Greenpeace / The Outlaw Ocean Project) Raking the watersIn 2015, an infamously scofflaw fleet of more than 70 bottom trawlers from Thailand fished in the Saya de Malha Bank. Their catch would be turned into protein-rich fishmeal that gets fed to chickens, pigs and aquaculture fish. At least 30 of them had arrived in the bank after fleeing crackdowns on fishing violations in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, according to a report from Greenpeace. The Thai government was not yet a member of the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement, so none of the vessels were approved to fish in the bank by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Thus, the Thai ships skirted international oversight bodies meant to protect this area of water. Thailand’s director-general of the Department of Fisheries later confirmed the vessels were “operating in an area free of regulatory control.”The impact of the Thai fishmeal fleet was “catastrophic” to the Saya de Mahla Bank, according to researchers from Monaco Explorations. “It seems remarkable that the Thai government permitted its fishing fleet to commence trawl fishing,” the organization said in its final report. “Even a cursory glance” at the existing literature should have dissuaded any trawling, the researchers added, questioning whether the Thai government’s decision to approve trawling was a “case of complete negligence” or a “deliberate policy to trawl the bank prior to joining Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement.” The Thai fishmeal trawlers have continued to return annually to the Saya de Malha Bank but typically with fewer vessels than in 2015. In 2023, only two trawlers were still authorized by the Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement.More recently, the bigger fishing presence in the Saya de Malha Bank consists of Taiwanese tuna longliners and Sri Lankan gillnetters. More than 230 vessels fished in the vicinity of the Saya de Malha Bank between January 2021 and January 2024. Most of these ships (over 100) were from Sri Lanka and were gillnetters, according to data from Global Fishing Watch. The second-largest group were from Taiwan (over 70). At least 13 of these ships from Taiwan and four from Sri Lanka have been reprimanded by their national authorities for illegal or unregulated fishing, with transgressions including the illegal transport of shark fins or shark carcasses with their fins removed, the falsification of catch reports, and illegal fishing in the waters of countries including Mauritius and Seychelles.The presence of these ships poses a dire threat to biodiversity in the bank, according to ocean scientists. Jessica Gephart, a fisheries-science professor at the University of Washington, explained that the Saya de Malha Bank is a breeding ground for humpback and blue whales that can be injured or killed by ship collisions. The worry is that fishing vessels may not just cut down the seagrass, warned James Fourqurean, a biology professor at Florida International University. These ships also risk causing turbidity, making the water opaque by stirring up the seafloor, and thereby harming the balance of species and food pyramid.There aren’t really any laws or treaties that protect the Saya de Malha Bank. International institutions known as regional fisheries-management organizations are supposed to regulate fishing activities in high seas areas such as the bank. They are responsible for establishing binding measures for the conservation and sustainable management of highly migratory fish species. Their roles and jurisdictions vary, but most can impose management measures such as catch limits. These organizations are often criticized by ocean conservationists, however, because their rules only apply to signatory countries and are crafted by consensus, which opens the process to industry influence and political pressure, according to a 2024 Greenpeace report.The Saya de Malha, as an archetypal example of these limitations, is governed by the Southern Indian Oceans Fisheries Agreement. Sri Lanka, the home of the bank’s largest fleet, is not a signatory. Far away from human rightsWith near-shore stocks overfished in Thailand and Sri Lanka, vessel owners send their crews farther and farther from shore in search of a worthwhile catch. That is what makes the Saya de Malha — far from land, poorly monitored and with a bountiful ecosystem — so attractive. But the fishers forced to work there live a precarious existence, and for some, the long journey to the Saya de Malha is the last they ever take.Sri Lankan gillnetters make some of the longest trips in the least equipped boats. In October 2022, a British American couple encountered a Sri Lankan gillnet boat in the bank. The crew had been at sea for two weeks and had only caught four fish, so they begged the couple for supplies. After the encounter, the Sri Lankans remained at sea for another six months.Some vessels also engage in transshipment, offloading their catch without returning to shore, which can lead to prolonged periods at sea and increased risks. In 2016, six Cambodian crew members died from beriberi, a preventable disease, onboard a Thai fishmeal trawler. The Thai government linked the deaths to hard labor, long hours and poor diet, while Greenpeace found evidence of forced labor.Today, fewer vessels from the Thai fleet are traveling to the Saya de Malha Bank, but questions about working conditions on Thai vessels persist. In 2023, a crew member named Ae Khunsena died under suspicious circumstances, with his family suspecting foul play, while officials ruled it a suicide. VIDEO | 06:36 Saya de Malha: Far from shore Share via Creating a new nationVast and sometimes brutal, the high seas are also a place of aspiration, reinvention and an escape from rules. This is why the oceans have long been a magnet for libertarians hoping to flee governments, taxes and other people by creating their own sovereign micronations in international waters.The Saya de Malha Bank has been a prime target for such ambitions. Covered with seagrass and interspersed with small coral reefs, the bank is among the largest submerged ocean plateaus in the world — less than 33 feet deep in some areas. Near the equator, the water is a balmy 73.4 degrees to 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the season. Waves are broken in the shallower areas. But the biggest allure is that the bank is hundreds of miles beyond the jurisdictional reach of any nation’s laws.On March 9, 1997, an architect named Wolf Hilbertz and a marine biologist named Thomas Goreau sailed to the bank. Launching from Victoria, the capital of the Seychelles, the voyage took three days. With solar panels, metal scaffolding and cornerstones, they began constructing their vision for a sovereign micronation that they planned to call Autopia — the place that builds itself.In 2002, the two men returned to the bank in three sailboats with a team of architects, cartographers and marine biologists from several countries to continue building. They intended to erect their dwellings on top of existing coral, reinforcing steel scaffolding using a patented process that Hilbertz had developed called Biorock, a substance formed by the electro-accumulation of materials dissolved in seawater. This involved sinking steel frames into the shallow waters, then putting these steel poles under a weak direct electrical current. Little by little, limestone is deposited on the steel poles and at their base, creating an ideal habitat for corals and other shellfish and marine animals.Rushing because a cyclone was headed their way in a matter of days, the team built in six days a steel structure five by five by two meters high, anchored in the seabed and charged by a small onboard battery. In later interviews, Hilbertz, who was a professor at the University of Houston, said he hoped to use building materials with a lower carbon footprint and create a self-sufficient settlement in the sea “that belongs to the residents who live and work there, a living laboratory in which new environmental technologies are developed.” His plans ultimately stalled for lack of funds.Two decades later, a 58-year-old Italian businessman named Samuele Landi began promoting a new vision for a micronation in the Saya de Malha Bank. He planned to park a massive barge near the seagrass patch far from the reach of extradition and police. A gifted computer programmer, avid skydiver and motorcycle racer, Landi had been a man on the lam for roughly a decade. Accused of fraud after his company, Eutelia, declared bankruptcy in 2010, Landi and some of its executives were tried and convicted in Italy. Landi was sentenced in absentia to 14 years, which led him to relocate to Dubai where he dabbled in crypto, hid money in Switzerland and skated around extradition treaties.While living comfortably in Dubai, he registered companies in bespoke tax-free zones, and eventually procured diplomatic credentials from Liberia, according to a New York Times profile.As he prepared this plan for moving to the Saya de Malha Bank, Landi purchased an initial 800-ton deck barge that he named Aisland. Anchoring it roughly 30 miles off the coast of Dubai, he lived on the vessel with three sailors, a cook and five cats. In 2022, Samuele Landi bought an initial 800-ton deck barge that he named Aisland and anchored roughly 30 miles off the coast of Dubai, where he lived with three sailors, a cook and five cats. (The Legend of Landi by Oswald Horowitz / The Outlaw Ocean Project) Aisland’s deck was fitted with six blue shipping containers bolted in place—living quarters, equipped with solar-powered air conditioners and a desalination system. Landi stayed there for over a year as he raised money to buy another barge twice as large as the Aisland. He even hired an architect named Peter de Vries to help design plans for the refit of the new barge so that it could sail to the Saya de Malha Bank and survive there. Landi hoped to eventually create a floating city consisting of about 20 barges, which would, by 2028, house thousands of permanent residents in luxury villas and apartments. Since the Saya de Malha Bank has been known to entice pirates and other sea marauders, Landi also planned to mount a Gatling gun on the Aisland. “That’s one of these guns that fires 1,000 rounds a minute — very heavy-duty stuff,” De Vries said in an interview with the Times.The movement to create sovereign states on the high seas has a colorful history. Typically such projects have been imbued with the view that government was a kind of kryptonite that weakened entrepreneurialism. Many held a highly optimistic outlook on technology and its potential to solve human problems. The founders of these micronations — in the 2000s quite a few dot-com tycoons — were usually men of means, steeped in Ayn Rand and Thomas Hobbes. Conceptualized as self-sufficient, self-governing, sea-bound communities, the vision for these waterborne cities was part libertarian utopia, part billionaire’s playground. Fittingly, they have been called, in more recent years, seasteads, after the homesteads of the American West.In 2008, these visionaries united around a nonprofit organization called the Seasteading Institute. Based in San Francisco, the organization was founded by Patri Friedman, a Google software engineer and grandson of Milton Friedman, the Nobel Prize–winning economist best known for his ideas about the limitations of government. The institute’s primary benefactor was Peter Thiel, a billionaire venture capitalist and the co-founder of PayPal who donated more than $1.25 million to the organization and related projects. Thiel also invested in a startup venture called Blueseed. Its purpose was to solve a thorny problem affecting many Silicon Valley companies: how to attract engineers and entrepreneurs who lacked American work permits or visas. Blueseed planned to anchor a floating residential barge in international waters off the coast of Northern California. Never getting beyond the drawing-board phase, Blueseed failed to raise the money necessary to sustain itself.The reality is that the ocean is a far less inviting place than architectural renderings tend to suggest. At sea, there is plenty of wind, wave and solar energy, but building renewable-energy systems that can survive the weather and corrosive seawater is difficult and costly.On Feb. 2, 2024, Landi and his crew tragically learned this hard lesson. The Aisland was slammed by a rogue wave, which breached the hull, breaking the barge in two. Two members of Landi’s crew survived by clinging onto pieces of wood until a passing vessel rescued them the next day. Landi and the two remaining seafarers died. According to Italian news reports, Landi put out a call for help, but it didn’t come in time. His body was found several days later, when it washed up on the beach about 40 miles up the coastline from Dubai. Vanishing protectors and predatorsIn November 2022, a research expedition by the environmental nonprofit Monaco Explorations took one of the largest and most advanced research vessels in the world to Saya de Malha. The goal was to document a seafloor famously lush in seagrass, corals, turtles, dugongs, rays and sharks. However, during the three weeks that the research team combed the waters of the Saya de Malha Bank, they spotted not a single shark. 1/3 Researchers investigating the Saya de Malha Bank in 2022.  (Monaco Explorations) 2/3 Researchers investigating the Saya de Malha Bank in 2022.  (Monaco Explorations) 3/3 Researchers investigating the Saya de Malha Bank in 2022.  (Monaco Explorations) The likely culprit, according to the scientists, was a fleet of more than 200 fishing ships that have in recent years targeted these remote waters.Sharks play a critical role in the ecosystem as guardians of the seagrass, policing populations of turtles and other animals that would mow down all the seagrass if left unchecked. Catching sharks is not easy, nor is it usually inadvertent. In tuna longlining, the ship uses a line made of thick microfilament, sometimes stretching as long as 40 miles, with baited hooks attached at intervals. Many tuna longliners use special steel leads designed not to break when the sharks, bigger and stronger than the tuna, try to yank themselves free.To offset poverty wages, ship captains typically allow their crew to supplement their income by keeping the fins to sell at port, off books. To avoid wasting space in the ship hold, deckhands usually throw the rest of the shark back into the water after they cut off the fins, which can sell for a hundred times the cost of the rest of the meat (except in countries such as Sri Lanka and Ecuador where there is a market for the meat). It’s a wasteful process and a slow death, as the sharks, still alive but unable to swim, sink to the seafloor. When the Imula 763 returned to Beruwala port in Sri Lanka in August 2024 after fishing in the Saya de Malha Bank, another vessel, the Imula 624, was in the same port where fishermen were cutting up sharks. (Amazing Fish Cutting / The Outlaw Ocean Project) In 2015, more than 50 Thai fishing vessels, primarily bottom trawlers, descended on the Saya de Malha Bank to drag their nets over the ocean floor and scoop up brushtooth lizardfish and round scad, much of which was transported back to shore to be ground into fishmeal. Two survivors of trafficking who worked in the Saya de Malha Bank on two of the vessels — the Kor Navamongkolchai 1 and Kor Navamongkolchai 8 — told Greenpeace that up to 50% of their catch had been sharks. Since then, the Thai presence in the Saya de Malha Bank has diminished, and in 2024 only two Thai vessels targeted the area.The Sri Lankans have continued to fish the bank intensely. Of the more than 100 Sri Lankan vessels that have fished in the Saya de Malha since January 2022, when the country’s fleet first began broadcasting vessel locations publicly, about half use gillnets, according to vessel data from the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Gillnetters hang wide panels of netting in the water, keeping them attached to the surface via floating lines. These particular gillnetters operate across the Indian Ocean, and a number of the vessels were observed at the bank by the 2022 Monaco Explorations expedition. Sharks are especially vulnerable to gillnets, which account for 64% of shark catches recorded by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Sri Lankan vessels have historically targeted sharks in the country’s national waters, but as domestic stocks of sharks have been decimated, the Sri Lankan fleet moved into the high seas, areas including the Saya de Malha Bank. (The Fishcutter) Historically, Sri Lankan vessels have targeted sharks in domestic waters. Between 2014 and 2016, for example, 84% of reported shark catches came from domestic vessels, according to research into the Sri Lankan shark and ray trade published in 2021. But as domestic populations declined, vessels, among them the fleet of gillnetters, moved to the high seas, leading to a new boom in the fin trade. Sri Lanka’s annual exports of fins quadrupled in the last decade, according to UN Comtrade data, with 110 tons exported in 2023, primarily to Hong Kong, compared with just 28 tons in 2013. VIDEO | 04:32 Saya de Malha: The vanishing predators Share via Tracking data also show that more than 40 of the Sri Lankan vessels do not publicly broadcast their location while in the bank, making it impossible for conservationists to fully understand what’s going on.In August 2024, a Sri Lanka vessel that fished in the Saya de Malha between March and June 2024 was detained by Sri Lankan authorities with over half a ton of oceanic white-tip shark carcasses aboard, all with their fins removed. Catching oceanic white-tip sharks is prohibited under Sri Lankan law, as is the removal of shark fins at sea. This was not an isolated incident: Sri Lankan authorities have seized illegally harvested shark fins on at least 25 separate occasions since January 2021, according to press releases from the Sri Lankan Coast Guard.Why should anyone care about the disappearance of sharks in the Saya de Malha Bank?Ernest Hemingway once described going bankrupt as something that happens gradually ... and then suddenly. The extinction of species is like bankruptcy, and when it finally occurs, there’s no going back. If we keep draining the bank of one of its previous riches, a “sudden” reckoning may be soon. Additional reporting and writing by Outlaw Ocean Project staff, including Maya Martin, Joe Galvin, Susan Ryan and Austin Brush.

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