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How money, mail and power affect our health

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Saturday, July 27, 2024

Marty Makary’s July 12 op-ed, “For a wasteful Medicare rule, location is everything,” made a clear case: Too many Americans have been blindly led into a health-care affordability crisis. Even if they never set foot in a hospital, patients receiving care from hospital-affiliated providers face higher prices caused by so-called site-of-service payment differentials. As a community oncologist, it angers me to see these disparities sometimes triple costs for services such as chemotherapy.These payment differentials incentivize hospitals to acquire independent practices to boost their revenue. The differentials also drive health systems to further expand their market share through anti-competitive tactics. After my practice refused an acquisition attempt from a large health system, my oncology privileges were revoked — leaving me unable to provide care to my own cancer patients when they were admitted to the hospital. Restricting trusted care teams leaves patients confused, frustrated and in the dark.This trend is bad news for everyone — except hospitals. To prevent such practices from becoming widespread, Congress must pass the Lower Costs, More Transparency Act without delay.Moshe Chasky, Bensalem, Pa.So-called site-neutral policies fail to recognize that not all care sites are created equal. Current payment rates appropriately take into account that hospitals treat sicker, lower-income and more complex patients compared with other sites. Hospitals are also held to higher regulatory and safety standards, and they provide benefits such as 24/7 capacity for emergencies. The argument also disregards the fact that the lower rate paid to physicians is completely inadequate, as we hear from them all the time.Medicare already reimburses hospitals just 82 cents for every dollar spent caring for patients. Additional site-neutral cuts, like those supported by the writer, would exacerbate these shortfalls. Medicare also fails to cover the full costs of resident salaries for teaching hospitals, which is a far cry from the “big bonuses” the author alleged Medicare’s graduate medical education program gives to hospitals.Physician polling data has shown that the burden from corporate insurers is driving physicians away from independent practices. Physicians are also seeking to become integrated with hospitals because of the costs associated with technologies such as electronic health records. And it is corporate health insurers that have been driving independent practice acquisitions for the past five years, not hospitals.Instead of advocating flawed policy proposals, let’s focus on ways we can support hospitals and health systems and ensure they can be there for their communities.The writer is president and chief executive of the American Hospital Association.The mail isn’t just mailRegarding Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s July 8 online op-ed, “We’re fixing the Postal Service. We can’t stop now.”:Within the past three years, many of Mr. DeJoy’s proposed “cost-saving measures” include closing some processing centers and trucking mail to other consolidation centers. This might sound good at first glance, but it fails in reality.The Upper Peninsula Processing Facility in Kingsford, Mich., processes mail for the entire Upper Peninsula, which it has done faithfully for years. Now, there is talk of closing it. Mail from the region would be shipped to Green Bay, Wis., a four-hour round-trip drive in good weather. If the processing center closes, jobs will be lost and the fragile mail-delivery system will be further threatened.Before there was any talk of closure, the Postal Service changed its trucking schedule and stopped offering overnight shipping, which endangered the health of every man, woman and child who lives in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. How so? Two words: water samples. The Environmental Protection Agency requires that drinking water in the United States be tested for bacterial infection. Such testing is critical to fighting waterborne illnesses such as dysentery and typhoid fever.For water testing to be accurate, it must be completed within a short time frame. There is only one lab in the Upper Peninsula, White Water Associates, that tests all of the water samples from the region. Until Jan. 8, it had been possible for water samples sent anywhere in the Upper Peninsula to reach White Water Associates in time for testing. That is no longer possible, which is resulting in expired samples. Without valid water testing, the chances of outbreaks of waterborne illnesses greatly increase. The shipping changes have made it next to impossible for water to be tested within the required time frame.The Postal Service is vital for Americans. It doesn’t just deliver letters and packages; it also delivers medicine, water testing kits and, yes, absentee ballots. Postal workers are doing their best to deliver our nations’ mail, and they deserve to work under a postmaster general who understands the effects of his policies. The postmaster general should not care only about swift delivery of packages. He or she should also understand that, for many people who live in rural America, mail is a lifeline to the rest of the world.Mr. DeJoy’s actions have endangered that lifeline, and for that, he should be replaced. To ensure the health of our nation’s water supply, Postal Service trucking schedules must return to how they were before Jan. 8. To refuse to do so is to raise the question: Is the Postal Service attempting to save money at the expense of Americans’ lives?Tracy Asanuma, Iron Mountain, Mich.In a stunning display of denial, Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s recent op-ed attempts to sugarcoat the disastrous effects of his leadership.Mr. DeJoy suggests the Postal Service was a sinking ship upon his arrival, but his “Delivering for America” plan — which raised prices, slashed services and shuttered post offices nationwide — has only made a precarious situation worse. His publicly proclaimed goal to hike prices to “uncomfortable” rates shows a shocking disregard for the needs of everyday Americans, including seniors, rural residents and small-business owners. His plan to close and consolidate up to 10,000 offices, stations, branches and annexes betrays the Postal Service’s mission to serve every community. Just look at Georgia, where the plan’s initial stages have thrown mail delivery into chaos.But don’t just take it from us. After congressional leaders urged the Postal Regulatory Commission to reject the latest price increases, the commission itself expressed concern that the plan “does not reflect reasoned consideration of the potential widespread effects,” is imprudent and is not in the best interests of stakeholders. This stinging critique underscores the urgent need for a change in leadership. Mr. DeJoy has attempted to run the Postal Service like a hedge fund manager intent on gutting an enterprise to show short-term revenue improvements. But America needs the Postal Service for the long term; it is an institution that binds the country together, providing critical deliveries on items like Social Security checks, medications and mail-in ballots. We need investments and innovation, not service cuts.The future of the Postal Service depends on bold leadership and an unwavering commitment to its public service mission. Time and time again, Mr. DeJoy has shown he is simply not up to the task.Raja Krishnamoorthi and Robert Weissman, WashingtonRaja Krishnamoorthi, a Democrat, represents Illinois’s 8th Congressional District in the House. Robert Weissman is co-president of public interest at Public Citizen.Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s op-ed failed to mention the relentless price hikes under a well-intended but struggling strategic plan. July 14 marked the fifth increase in three years, covering mail, newspapers, magazines, catalogues and more. Package prices have also been raised significantly, and the price of the first-class “forever” stamp is now 73 cents.These recent price increases total more than 184 percent of inflation. Businesses and customers are stressed trying to keep up, not only on price but also as service has declined.America needs a reliable, affordable postal system for everyone. We urge Congress to better invest Postal Service funds and strengthen regulatory oversight to preserve the Postal Service’s viability and sustainability.The writer is executive director of the Coalition for a 21st Century Postal Service.Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s op-ed was outrageous. Mail delivery is worse than ever in Houston, and it interferes with doing business. And the danger for mail-in ballots with a reduced Postal Service is alarming. The blame is squarely on the postmaster general, not the local postmasters or carriers who cannot believe what is happening.Fredericka Hunter, HoustonPower in TexasMore than 1 million of us in Houston had no power for days after Hurricane Beryl. I was one of them.This isn’t the first time this has happened. It happened in 2021, when more than 200 Texans died because of power outages from extreme cold. Massive outages also happened with Hurricanes Harvey and Ike. More than 15 years after Ike, there is still no “Ike Dike.”The Texas GOP can’t keep the lights on while it wastes billions of dollars on a wall on the southern U.S. border. During Hurricane Beryl, Gov. Greg Abbott (R) was off in Asia. The chief executive of CenterPoint Energy makes more than $1 million as a base salary, not to mention other bonuses. Meanwhile, we regular people sit in the dark and sweat.Michael Fjetland, Houston

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Marty Makary’s July 12 op-ed, “For a wasteful Medicare rule, location is everything,” made a clear case: Too many Americans have been blindly led into a health-care affordability crisis. Even if they never set foot in a hospital, patients receiving care from hospital-affiliated providers face higher prices caused by so-called site-of-service payment differentials. As a community oncologist, it angers me to see these disparities sometimes triple costs for services such as chemotherapy.

These payment differentials incentivize hospitals to acquire independent practices to boost their revenue. The differentials also drive health systems to further expand their market share through anti-competitive tactics. After my practice refused an acquisition attempt from a large health system, my oncology privileges were revoked — leaving me unable to provide care to my own cancer patients when they were admitted to the hospital. Restricting trusted care teams leaves patients confused, frustrated and in the dark.

This trend is bad news for everyone — except hospitals. To prevent such practices from becoming widespread, Congress must pass the Lower Costs, More Transparency Act without delay.

Moshe Chasky, Bensalem, Pa.

So-called site-neutral policies fail to recognize that not all care sites are created equal. Current payment rates appropriately take into account that hospitals treat sicker, lower-income and more complex patients compared with other sites. Hospitals are also held to higher regulatory and safety standards, and they provide benefits such as 24/7 capacity for emergencies. The argument also disregards the fact that the lower rate paid to physicians is completely inadequate, as we hear from them all the time.

Medicare already reimburses hospitals just 82 cents for every dollar spent caring for patients. Additional site-neutral cuts, like those supported by the writer, would exacerbate these shortfalls. Medicare also fails to cover the full costs of resident salaries for teaching hospitals, which is a far cry from the “big bonuses” the author alleged Medicare’s graduate medical education program gives to hospitals.

Physician polling data has shown that the burden from corporate insurers is driving physicians away from independent practices. Physicians are also seeking to become integrated with hospitals because of the costs associated with technologies such as electronic health records. And it is corporate health insurers that have been driving independent practice acquisitions for the past five years, not hospitals.

Instead of advocating flawed policy proposals, let’s focus on ways we can support hospitals and health systems and ensure they can be there for their communities.

The writer is president and chief executive of the American Hospital Association.

The mail isn’t just mail

Regarding Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s July 8 online op-ed, “We’re fixing the Postal Service. We can’t stop now.”:

Within the past three years, many of Mr. DeJoy’s proposed “cost-saving measures” include closing some processing centers and trucking mail to other consolidation centers. This might sound good at first glance, but it fails in reality.

The Upper Peninsula Processing Facility in Kingsford, Mich., processes mail for the entire Upper Peninsula, which it has done faithfully for years. Now, there is talk of closing it. Mail from the region would be shipped to Green Bay, Wis., a four-hour round-trip drive in good weather. If the processing center closes, jobs will be lost and the fragile mail-delivery system will be further threatened.

Before there was any talk of closure, the Postal Service changed its trucking schedule and stopped offering overnight shipping, which endangered the health of every man, woman and child who lives in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. How so? Two words: water samples. The Environmental Protection Agency requires that drinking water in the United States be tested for bacterial infection. Such testing is critical to fighting waterborne illnesses such as dysentery and typhoid fever.

For water testing to be accurate, it must be completed within a short time frame. There is only one lab in the Upper Peninsula, White Water Associates, that tests all of the water samples from the region. Until Jan. 8, it had been possible for water samples sent anywhere in the Upper Peninsula to reach White Water Associates in time for testing. That is no longer possible, which is resulting in expired samples. Without valid water testing, the chances of outbreaks of waterborne illnesses greatly increase. The shipping changes have made it next to impossible for water to be tested within the required time frame.

The Postal Service is vital for Americans. It doesn’t just deliver letters and packages; it also delivers medicine, water testing kits and, yes, absentee ballots. Postal workers are doing their best to deliver our nations’ mail, and they deserve to work under a postmaster general who understands the effects of his policies. The postmaster general should not care only about swift delivery of packages. He or she should also understand that, for many people who live in rural America, mail is a lifeline to the rest of the world.

Mr. DeJoy’s actions have endangered that lifeline, and for that, he should be replaced. To ensure the health of our nation’s water supply, Postal Service trucking schedules must return to how they were before Jan. 8. To refuse to do so is to raise the question: Is the Postal Service attempting to save money at the expense of Americans’ lives?

Tracy Asanuma, Iron Mountain, Mich.

In a stunning display of denial, Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s recent op-ed attempts to sugarcoat the disastrous effects of his leadership.

Mr. DeJoy suggests the Postal Service was a sinking ship upon his arrival, but his “Delivering for America” plan — which raised prices, slashed services and shuttered post offices nationwide — has only made a precarious situation worse. His publicly proclaimed goal to hike prices to “uncomfortable” rates shows a shocking disregard for the needs of everyday Americans, including seniors, rural residents and small-business owners. His plan to close and consolidate up to 10,000 offices, stations, branches and annexes betrays the Postal Service’s mission to serve every community. Just look at Georgia, where the plan’s initial stages have thrown mail delivery into chaos.

But don’t just take it from us. After congressional leaders urged the Postal Regulatory Commission to reject the latest price increases, the commission itself expressed concern that the plan “does not reflect reasoned consideration of the potential widespread effects,” is imprudent and is not in the best interests of stakeholders. This stinging critique underscores the urgent need for a change in leadership. Mr. DeJoy has attempted to run the Postal Service like a hedge fund manager intent on gutting an enterprise to show short-term revenue improvements. But America needs the Postal Service for the long term; it is an institution that binds the country together, providing critical deliveries on items like Social Security checks, medications and mail-in ballots. We need investments and innovation, not service cuts.

The future of the Postal Service depends on bold leadership and an unwavering commitment to its public service mission. Time and time again, Mr. DeJoy has shown he is simply not up to the task.

Raja Krishnamoorthi and Robert Weissman, Washington

Raja Krishnamoorthi, a Democrat, represents Illinois’s 8th Congressional District in the House. Robert Weissman is co-president of public interest at Public Citizen.

Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s op-ed failed to mention the relentless price hikes under a well-intended but struggling strategic plan. July 14 marked the fifth increase in three years, covering mail, newspapers, magazines, catalogues and more. Package prices have also been raised significantly, and the price of the first-class “forever” stamp is now 73 cents.

These recent price increases total more than 184 percent of inflation. Businesses and customers are stressed trying to keep up, not only on price but also as service has declined.

America needs a reliable, affordable postal system for everyone. We urge Congress to better invest Postal Service funds and strengthen regulatory oversight to preserve the Postal Service’s viability and sustainability.

The writer is executive director of the Coalition for a 21st Century Postal Service.

Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s op-ed was outrageous. Mail delivery is worse than ever in Houston, and it interferes with doing business. And the danger for mail-in ballots with a reduced Postal Service is alarming. The blame is squarely on the postmaster general, not the local postmasters or carriers who cannot believe what is happening.

Fredericka Hunter, Houston

Power in Texas

More than 1 million of us in Houston had no power for days after Hurricane Beryl. I was one of them.

This isn’t the first time this has happened. It happened in 2021, when more than 200 Texans died because of power outages from extreme cold. Massive outages also happened with Hurricanes Harvey and Ike. More than 15 years after Ike, there is still no “Ike Dike.”

The Texas GOP can’t keep the lights on while it wastes billions of dollars on a wall on the southern U.S. border. During Hurricane Beryl, Gov. Greg Abbott (R) was off in Asia. The chief executive of CenterPoint Energy makes more than $1 million as a base salary, not to mention other bonuses. Meanwhile, we regular people sit in the dark and sweat.

Michael Fjetland, Houston

Read the full story here.
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Air Quality, Not Just Fitness Level, Impacts Marathoners' Finish Times

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Dec. 26, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Runners put a lot of thought into how much they must eat and drink...

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTHURSDAY, Dec. 26, 2024 (HealthDay News) -- Runners put a lot of thought into how much they must eat and drink to endure a 26.2-mile marathon, properly fueling their bodies to sustain a record-setting pace.But the quality of the air they huff and puff during endurance events could also play a key role in their performance, a new study says.Higher levels of air pollution are associated with slower average marathon finish times, according to findings published recently in the journal Sports Medicine.“Runners at that level are thinking about their gear, their nutrition, their training, the course, even the weather,” lead researcher Elvira Fleury, a doctoral student at Harvard University, said in a news release. “Our results show that those interested in optimizing athletic performance should consider the effect of air pollution, as well.”Runners’ average finish times on a marathon steadily decreased for every increase in particle pollution of one microgram per cubic meter of air, results show.Men finished 32 seconds slower on average for every increased unit of air pollution, and women finished 25 seconds slower, researchers found.These effects also appeared to be more pronounced in faster-than-average runners, researchers said.“This means that air pollution can be a health risk not just for those who are elderly or susceptible — it can negatively affect even the most healthy and well-trained among us,” senior researcher Joseph Braun, a professor of epidemiology at Brown University, said in a news release from the college.For the study, researchers analyzed data from U.S. public marathons conducted between 2003 and 2019, involving more than 1.5 million male runners and more than 1 million female runners.The research team compared the runners’ finishing times with air quality data captured on event days, including the amount of particle pollution in the air along different points of the marathon route.“This really sophisticated spatial-temporal model of particulate matter allowed us to plot pollution at every mile of every course,” Fleury said. “Without a model like this, it wouldn't have been possible to look at so many different marathons in different states across different years.”Researchers specifically looked at levels of fine particle pollution, which are airborne particles smaller than the width of a human hair or grain of fine beach sand, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.These airborne particles are typically generated by fossil fuels burned by cars and power plants, although in recent years, wildfires have contributed to such pollution.Previous studies have shown that particle air pollution is associated with overall risk of death, as well as risk of heart disease, breathing problems and lung cancer, researchers said.Air pollution could be harming marathon runners’ performance by causing increases in blood pressure, constricted blood vessels, impaired lung function, and perhaps even short-term changes in brain function, researchers speculated.“People who can complete a marathon are generally quite healthy, and we can assume they have honed their cardiorespiratory fitness,” Braun said.“This study revealed a negative impact from air pollution, even at levels below current health-based standards, on these very healthy people,” Braun continued.These findings support efforts to reduce pollution emissions by shifting motor vehicles and power plants away from fossil fuels, researchers concluded.SOURCE: Sports Medicine, journal study, Dec. 18; Brown University, news release, Dec. 18, 2024Copyright © 2024 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

Forty Years After the Bhopal Disaster, the Danger Still Remains

In many ways, we all live in Bhopal now. We must continue to fight for a future in which we all have the right to live in healthy environments.

Forty years ago this month, a Union Carbide pesticide factory in Bhopal, India, sprung a toxic gas leak, exposing half a million people to toxic fumes. Thousands of people lost their lives in the immediate aftermath, with the death toll climbing to more than 20,000 over the next two decades. Countless others, including children of survivors, continue to endure chronic health issues. In the United States, the events in Bhopal ignited a grassroots movement to expose and address the toxic chemicals in our water, air, and neighborhoods. In 1986, just two years after the disaster, this growing awareness led Congress to pass the first National Right to Know Act, which requires companies to publicly disclose their use of many toxic chemicals. In India, Bhopal victims have had a long struggle for justice. In 1989, survivors flew to a Union Carbide shareholders meeting in Houston to protest the inadequate compensation for the trauma they’d suffered. The settlement awarded each Bhopal victim was a mere $500—which a spokesperson for Dow Chemical, Union Carbide’s parent company, called “plenty good for an Indian.”  Union Carbide had the survivors arrested before they could enter the meeting. Meanwhile, their abandoned chemical factory was still leaking toxic chemicals into the surrounding neighborhoods and drinking water.  Nevertheless, Bhopal survivors never stopped fighting. They opened a free clinic to treat the intergenerational health effects caused by the disaster. They marched 500 miles between Bhopal and New Delhi. They staged hunger strikes. They created memorials to the disaster and established a museum to ensure that the horrors of their collective past are not forgotten.    The survivors even obtained an extradition order for Union Carbide’s former CEO, Warren Anderson, but the U.S. government never acted on that request. Forty years later, the factory in Bhopal has never been properly cleaned and is still leaking poison.  Unfortunately, the kinds of chemicals that flow through the veins of Bhopal survivors also flow through ours. The petrochemical industry has brought us together in a perverse solidarity, having chemically trespassed into places all over the world. According to one figure, Americans are exposed to dangerous chemical fires, leaks, and explosions about once every two days. In one dramatic example in early 2023, a rail tanker filled with vinyl chloride derailed in East Palestine, Ohio, forcing the evacuation of 2,000 residents.  Nearly all Americans now carry toxic substances known as PFAS in our bodies. These have been linked to cancer, liver and kidney disease, and immune dysfunction. And the continued burning of fossil fuels is killing millions of people each year around the world through air pollution.  Petrochemical and fossil fuel companies know they can only survive if they avoid liability for the damage they are doing to our health and the planet’s ecosystems. That’s why they are heavily invested in lobbying to prevent any such accountability. Polluting industries are certain to have strong allies in the coming Trump Administration, which plans to open even more land to fossil fuel production and, under the blueprint for conservative governance known as Project 2025, to slash environmental and public health regulations. But we can take inspiration from the people of Bhopal, whose fierce commitment to health and justice sparked a global movement. Earlier this month, on the fortieth anniversary of the Bhopal disaster, congressional allies of this movement including U.S. Senator Jeff Merkley, Democrat of Oregon, and U.S. Representatives Pramila Jayapal, Democrat of Washington, and Rashida Tlaib, Democrat of Michigan, introduced a resolution designating December 3 as National Chemical Disaster Awareness Day. “Chemical disasters are often the result of corporations cutting corners and prioritizing profits over safety,” said Merkley, who chairs the U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works subcommittee. “These catastrophes cloud communities with toxic fumes, upending lives and threatening the health and property of those living and working close by.” He called for “stronger laws to prevent chemical disasters and keep our communities and workers safe.” This growing global alliance, which has been called the largest movement for environmental health and justice in history, is fighting for a future in which everyone has the right to live in a healthy environment. It’s a movement that unites us all. Because in many ways, we all live in Bhopal now. This column was produced for Progressive Perspectives, a project of The Progressive magazine, and distributed by Tribune News Service. Gary Cohen is the president of Health Care Without Harm and a long time member of the International Campaign for Justice in Bhopal. Read more by Gary Cohen December 18, 2024 3:25 PM

Study Miscalculation Has Everyone Talking about Black Plastic Spatulas Again. Experts Are Still Concerned

The scientists behind a popular study on the health effects of flame retardants in black plastic cooking utensils and toys made a calculation error but still say their revised findings are alarming

Should you throw out your black plastic spatula? A recent study that reported alarming levels of several flame retardants in common black-colored plastic items (including cooking utensils, toys and hair products) had many people suddenly taking stock of their inky array of plastic kitchenware and considering wood or metal alternatives. And the reasons for the concern were understandable: the study’s findings, published in Chemosphere, highlighted potential health effects from exposure to the flame retardants, particularly decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE)—a chemical the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency banned in 2021 for its apparent links to cancer and reproductive, developmental and immunologic toxicity effects.But this week the study’s authors issued a correction that suggests exposure to decaBDE from the tested products isn’t as close to the EPA’s safety reference level as they initially thought. The decaBDE exposure they estimated from the screened products is still correct, but it’s one tenth of the reference dose. The study had miscalculated the comparison by an order of magnitude.The amount of flame retardants in such products is “not as harmful, with respect to the EPA guidance, as [the researchers] originally stated, although, with these chemicals, they may be harmful when you’re exposed to small amounts over a long period of time,” says Andrew Turner, a biogeochemist at the University of Plymouth in England, who wasn’t involved in the research and studies the disposal and recycling of plastic consumer goods. “It’s difficult to put numbers on these chemicals.”On supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.The study authors issued an apology for the mistake in which they maintained that the “calculation error does not affect the overall conclusion of the paper.”“Our results still show that when toxic additives are used in plastic, they can significantly contaminate products made with recycled content that do not require flame retardancy,” says Megan Liu, a co-author of the recent study and science and policy manager at Toxic-Free Future, an environmental health research and advocacy group. “The products found in this study to contain hazardous flame retardants included items with high exposure potential, such as things that touch our food, as well as toys, which come in contact with kids.”Why might some black plastics contain flame retardants? Flame retardants are required in certain products (often including computers, TVs and other common electronic items) to meet fire safety regulations. To reduce the amount of e-waste and fossil fuels needed to make new plastics, some of these items are recycled into black plastics. But the problem is that “you could also recycle the flame retardants and other chemicals that are associated with that plastic,” says Stuart Harrad, an environmental chemist at the University of Birmingham in England, who wasn’t involved in the paper. “Now that’s fine to some degree, I suppose, if you’re only recycling the plastic into uses like TV sets, where you need to meet fire safety regulations. But the point is here is that that isn’t happening.”The new study’s main goal was to identify any flame retardant chemicals in various common products. The researchers screened 203 items, ranging from plastic sushi take-out trays to toy necklaces—and found 17 of them were contaminated with high levels of flame retardants. Fourteen of those products contained high levels of decaBDE.The U.S. has largely banned decaBDE and other polybrominated-diphenyl-ether-based flame retardants. New electronic goods use safer flame retardants, but older electronics that contain decaBDE could still be in many households or might have been only recently tossed out for recycling, Turner says. “When you talk about some electronic devices, they last quite a long time,” he adds. These older devices might only be reaching recycling plants now.The new study’s findings generally line up with past evidence that recycled plastics—and flame retardants—can end up in toys and cooking utensils, Harrad says. But it’s been unclear whether the mere presence of flame retardants in a cooking utensil pose any health threat to humans; there are many contributing factors, including the source, the dose, the duration of exposure and any other chemicals that may be present. In a 2018 study Harrad and his colleagues tested potential exposure from black plastic cooking utensils and found that uptake through the skin from simply holding them was negligible. But when they tested them in prolonged cooking experiments with hot oil, about 20 percent of the flame retardants in a utensil transferred into the oil on average. “That’s really because the oil, particularly hot oil, is going to be a pretty good way of extracting these chemicals,” Harrad says.How did the miscalculation occur?The authors of the new study estimated humans’ potential exposure to decaBDE from the plastic products by using the calculation in Harrad’s 2018 study. They applied this calculation to the median levels of decaBDE detected in the products they tested. This wound up being an estimated 34,700 nanograms per day of decaBDE. They then compared that figure with the EPA’s reference dose of 7,000 nanograms per kilogram of body weight per day. (Some researchers note that this measurement was derived from lab tests and animal models, not direct human testing). To better assess human risk, the scientists calculated a reference dose based on a 60-kg (132-pound) person and initially found 42,000 ng per day, a value alarmingly close to the 34,700 ng per day of exposure they estimated from the new data. But 7,000 multiplied by 60 is actually 420,000. This may have been a simple math error, but the correction massively reduces how close the amount of exposure is to the maximum acceptable limit.The figure with the miscalculation was “contextualizing the levels that we saw in our study, thinking that it could be helpful for people,” Liu says. “This was really just one part of our study that isn’t even part of our key findings.”She and her co-authors have emphasized that the error shouldn’t detract from one of the study’s main conclusions: that none of these flame-retardant chemicals, especially those that have been banned, should be found, in any amount, in these products in the first place.“They're probably banging their head in frustration when they found out they made that calculation error,” Harrad says, adding that the rest of their findings “were perfectly plausible.”“The study does highlight the fact that we’ve not sorted this out yet—that we’re still finding these chemicals coming through into new goods that contain recycled plastics,” Harrad says. “We do need to step up our efforts to isolate these chemicals from waste and make sure that they don't get recycled.”So should you really ditch your black plastic spatula? Harrad says you should avoid leaving it in a hot pan or pot for long periods of time. Some experts don’t recommend reheating food in black plastic containers, although studies haven’t confirmed if this causes chemicals to leach into food. Importantly, “if you see that your black utensil is damaged in any way, just [get rid of it] and go for something else,” Turner says—pieces of the plastic could potentially break off into food.When looking for new cooking ware, Turner says that it’d be more sustainable, and potentially safer, to reduce the use of black plastic items and opt for a material or color that’s more easily recyclable. Liu says wood, stainless steel or silicone products are some safer alternatives. She adds, however, that people can’t “shop” their way out of a larger societal issue. “We can’t expect that everyone can immediately switch over to safer alternatives,” Liu says. “That’s ultimately why we’ve been calling on greater regulatory action at both the corporate and government level to regulate and restrict these harmful chemicals.”

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