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Abrupt layoffs at Portland’s Bird Alliance signal upheaval in beloved programs, volunteers say

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Thursday, September 5, 2024

Volunteers at the Bird Alliance of Oregon, the storied Portland conservation and education group, say recent leadership decisions have put essential and popular animal programs in jeopardy.Several volunteers told The Oregonian/OregonLive that sudden layoffs this summer at the organization, known until recently as Portland Audubon, have left an animal program beloved by children and funders alike at risk of closure and led to a brief shutdown of its wildlife rehabilitation center.The moves have placed increased strain on volunteers and remaining staff and led to a loss of trust in a group that usually enjoys widespread community support, they say.“We all are outraged and appalled by the ramifications of recent decisions. The Bird Alliance has tried to sweep everything under the carpet and move on, but a lot of us are worried. They haven’t given the public any warning,” said volunteer Valerie Dickie.At the end of June, at the height of bird breeding season when the wildlife care center is swamped with baby birds and other injured or orphaned animals, the Bird Alliance laid off two essential employees without notice.They were Stephanie Herman, the manager of the wildlife rehabilitation center, and Katie Newton, part-time coordinator of the Ambassador Animals program, which has taught generations of children about the importance of wildlife conservation.The layoffs came as the Bird Alliance is finalizing the purchase of a new property where it plans to build a larger, state-of-the-art wildlife rehabilitation hospital to replace the 37-year-old center that’s beyond repair, opening a new chapter for expansion.Stuart Wells, Bird Alliance executive director, said the layoffs occurred to prevent an operating budget deficit. The budget cycle dictated when staff would be let go, he said.While revenue has grown, the organization needs to maintain a reserve fund to ensure it can function in the event of a challenging, unpredictable situation such as the pandemic, he added.“Had we not done layoffs and other cost-cutting measures,” Wells said, “we would have depleted our reserves to a level which could put the larger organization at risk.”The Bird Alliance also laid off two other employees, a social media and marketing worker and a development manager.The layoffs weren’t linked to the Bird Alliance’s efforts to buy property in outer Northeast Portland, Wells said, because the capital campaign for a new rehabilitation center and the organization’s regular operating budget – which includes salaries -- are separate.The Bird Alliance currently employs about 45 people. It reported $8.35 million in revenue last year – the bulk of it coming from contributions and grants – and $5.9 million in expenses. Its latest tax return shows the nonprofit brought in $1 million more in revenue than the year before and held $16 million in net assets, roughly $3 million more than the previous year. Its assets included savings, investments, pledges and grants and its land and buildings. Some of those funds are restricted by donors to specific purposes such as perpetual endowments or capital campaigns and cannot be used for the operating budget.The group, more than 120 years old, has about 12,500 paid members and relies heavily on volunteers. Over 700 people donate their time during the year to assist with animal care, youth and adult education and habitat restoration at the group’s wildlife rehabilitation center and 172-acre wildlife sanctuary in Portland’s Forest Park and at two other sanctuaries on the central coast and in the foothills of Mount Hood.The ambassador animals live at the nonprofit’s Forest Park headquarters. Many of them have spent decades there; they cannot be released into the wild because they were raised in captivity or have an injury and won’t survive on their own.Current ambassadors include Julio, a great horned owl who has lived at the rehabilitation center for 20 years; Xena, an American kestrel, and Bybee, an endangered native western painted turtle. They are housed in shaded enclosures at the top of a popular sanctuary trail where tens of thousands of hikers pass by, including summer camps and other youth groups organized by the Bird Alliance.Newton oversaw the daily care of the animals, managed a public interpretive program, including sessions with camps and school field trips and oversaw volunteers working with the animals.Her layoff has shifted the work onto volunteers and left the program’s future up in the air.“Many of us remember visiting these animals as children. We are their home, friends and sanctuary. To not give the public a say in the relocation and cessation of the Ambassador program and its animals is a big mistake,” Dickie said.Newton couldn’t be immediately reached for comment. Several other volunteers echoed Dickie’s concerns but asked not to be named because they feared they would lose their volunteer positions.The ambassador program has been in transition in recent years. Two of the animal ambassadors – raven Aristophanes and turkey vulture Ruby – were relocated in 2022 after the pandemic to the Point Defiance Zoo in Tacoma. The Bird Alliance at the time said standards of care for the birds had evolved and it no longer had the staff capacity to care for such highly intelligent birds with complex social and training needs. The organization also said it was rebuilding the ambassador animal program post-COVID-19.Wells acknowledged that hundreds of thousands of people have met the ambassador animals and many have forged a special connection with them. But, he said, the leadership team is still figuring out whether the program will continue. He didn’t comment on why that’s the case.“At this stage we are assessing all options – including rehoming our three ambassadors – with our animal ambassadors’ well-being, and staff capacity to oversee and manage this program, given the highest consideration,” Wells said. “We will keep the public informed and will act with care and deliberation as we make this important decision.”Wells said the Bird Alliance would continue to invest in the wildlife care center. The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned animals in northwest Oregon. Several other area rescues transport animals there for treatment. Last year, the center treated more than 3,100 injured or orphaned native birds and other native wildlife, including nearly 100 different bird species.A baby American Robin was sent via Uber to the Bird Alliance's wildlife care center. The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned birds, mammals and reptiles in northwest Oregon. It treated more than 3,100 animals last year. Herman’s layoff came at the height of the busiest season, as the center triaged and fed several hundred birds and other animals, including baby hummingbirds, baby cowbirds, baby crows, baby jays, great horned owls, swallows, squirrels, ducklings, bats and a baby kestrel, volunteers said.Herman was the center’s sole holder of a permit from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and also fulfilled several requirements that made the program eligible for another permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, both of which allow the center to operate.Her abrupt layoff meant the Bird Alliance was out of compliance for several days and was forced to shutter its care center for 24 hours as another staffer scrambled to secure a new permit, volunteers said.Although staff and volunteers continued to feed and treat the animals during the closure, the center couldn’t accept new animals, leading to several dying, volunteers said.Herman told The Oregonian/OregonLive that despite constant reassurances from the leadership team and the organization’s board that they were working to improve conditions at the center, including by undertaking the land purchase to build a new facility, animal and staff well-being didn’t seem to be a top priority.“I experienced constant pressure to make the program less than it is and to continue to temporarily patch or ignore facilities issues that have been on the verge of catastrophic failure for decades,” she said. “Add to that frequent suggestions from board members and leadership that we should simply turn away people and animals or only take care of endangered species to save money, and a pattern of general promises of support followed by asking us what we needed, and then telling us we were asking for too much.”Wells said staffing at the center had doubled in the past few years. Currently, three full-time staff members, two part-time veterinarians, two seasonal workers and about 100 volunteers take care of the animals there.In a letter to the volunteers shared with The Oregonian/OregonLive, Wells acknowledged the permit snafu.“I want to express my sincerest apologies for the way that we rolled out layoffs during our organization’s incredibly difficult budget cycle,” he wrote. “I want to recognize how deeply the loss of Steph Herman and Katie Newton impacted the Wildlife Care Center community. I also acknowledge that removing their positions increased the workload for everyone else during the busiest time of year.”Wells promised to improve the transparency and timing of communications and said the Bird Alliance would work hard to regain trust and raise more money to ensure adequate staffing levels at the rehabilitation center.To that end, it has added a full-time grant writer and increased staffing to deepen relationships with existing donors and develop relationships with new donors, he told The Oregonian/OregonLive. In the meantime, it has increased the hours and terms for existing seasonal staff at the center.Regaining volunteers’ trust is key as the alliance plans to build a larger animal rehabilitation center to replace the existing one, which is too old and too small to handle the increasing onslaught of animal patients, the organization has said. Two years ago, the current center was further damaged during an ice storm and had to temporarily close for repairs.The Bird Alliance is in the process of purchasing a 12.5-acre site on Northeast 82nd Avenue across from McDaniel High School, the group’s spokesperson Ali Berman confirmed. The property, a former landfill and quarry owned by Mike Hashem, is one of the city’s largest undeveloped tracks and has sat vacant for years.Last week, the state filed a document as part of a court-approved consent order, the final step before the Bird Alliance can close on the property. The document specifies that the organization will be responsible for monitoring and remediating methane emissions at the site.Berman said methane levels at the property have been close to zero for at least a decade, but a monitoring system will be in place. The monitoring doesn’t pose a financial burden, she said.“Bird Alliance of Oregon has long advocated for restoring and redeveloping brownfields,” Berman said. “And now, we have an opportunity to put that in action while providing a valuable community asset and green space that will be accessible to the public.”— Gosia Wozniacka covers environmental justice, climate change, the clean energy transition and other environmental issues. Reach her at gwozniacka@oregonian.com or 971-421-3154.Our journalism needs your support. Subscribe today to OregonLive.com

The group, formerly known as Portland Audubon, laid off the ambassador animal program coordinator and the rehab center manager. Director says layoffs were tied to the organization’s financial health.

Volunteers at the Bird Alliance of Oregon, the storied Portland conservation and education group, say recent leadership decisions have put essential and popular animal programs in jeopardy.

Several volunteers told The Oregonian/OregonLive that sudden layoffs this summer at the organization, known until recently as Portland Audubon, have left an animal program beloved by children and funders alike at risk of closure and led to a brief shutdown of its wildlife rehabilitation center.

The moves have placed increased strain on volunteers and remaining staff and led to a loss of trust in a group that usually enjoys widespread community support, they say.

“We all are outraged and appalled by the ramifications of recent decisions. The Bird Alliance has tried to sweep everything under the carpet and move on, but a lot of us are worried. They haven’t given the public any warning,” said volunteer Valerie Dickie.

At the end of June, at the height of bird breeding season when the wildlife care center is swamped with baby birds and other injured or orphaned animals, the Bird Alliance laid off two essential employees without notice.

They were Stephanie Herman, the manager of the wildlife rehabilitation center, and Katie Newton, part-time coordinator of the Ambassador Animals program, which has taught generations of children about the importance of wildlife conservation.

The layoffs came as the Bird Alliance is finalizing the purchase of a new property where it plans to build a larger, state-of-the-art wildlife rehabilitation hospital to replace the 37-year-old center that’s beyond repair, opening a new chapter for expansion.

Stuart Wells, Bird Alliance executive director, said the layoffs occurred to prevent an operating budget deficit. The budget cycle dictated when staff would be let go, he said.

While revenue has grown, the organization needs to maintain a reserve fund to ensure it can function in the event of a challenging, unpredictable situation such as the pandemic, he added.

“Had we not done layoffs and other cost-cutting measures,” Wells said, “we would have depleted our reserves to a level which could put the larger organization at risk.”

The Bird Alliance also laid off two other employees, a social media and marketing worker and a development manager.

The layoffs weren’t linked to the Bird Alliance’s efforts to buy property in outer Northeast Portland, Wells said, because the capital campaign for a new rehabilitation center and the organization’s regular operating budget – which includes salaries -- are separate.

The Bird Alliance currently employs about 45 people. It reported $8.35 million in revenue last year – the bulk of it coming from contributions and grants – and $5.9 million in expenses. Its latest tax return shows the nonprofit brought in $1 million more in revenue than the year before and held $16 million in net assets, roughly $3 million more than the previous year. Its assets included savings, investments, pledges and grants and its land and buildings. Some of those funds are restricted by donors to specific purposes such as perpetual endowments or capital campaigns and cannot be used for the operating budget.

The group, more than 120 years old, has about 12,500 paid members and relies heavily on volunteers. Over 700 people donate their time during the year to assist with animal care, youth and adult education and habitat restoration at the group’s wildlife rehabilitation center and 172-acre wildlife sanctuary in Portland’s Forest Park and at two other sanctuaries on the central coast and in the foothills of Mount Hood.

The ambassador animals live at the nonprofit’s Forest Park headquarters. Many of them have spent decades there; they cannot be released into the wild because they were raised in captivity or have an injury and won’t survive on their own.

Current ambassadors include Julio, a great horned owl who has lived at the rehabilitation center for 20 years; Xena, an American kestrel, and Bybee, an endangered native western painted turtle. They are housed in shaded enclosures at the top of a popular sanctuary trail where tens of thousands of hikers pass by, including summer camps and other youth groups organized by the Bird Alliance.

Newton oversaw the daily care of the animals, managed a public interpretive program, including sessions with camps and school field trips and oversaw volunteers working with the animals.

Her layoff has shifted the work onto volunteers and left the program’s future up in the air.

“Many of us remember visiting these animals as children. We are their home, friends and sanctuary. To not give the public a say in the relocation and cessation of the Ambassador program and its animals is a big mistake,” Dickie said.

Newton couldn’t be immediately reached for comment. Several other volunteers echoed Dickie’s concerns but asked not to be named because they feared they would lose their volunteer positions.

The ambassador program has been in transition in recent years. Two of the animal ambassadors – raven Aristophanes and turkey vulture Ruby – were relocated in 2022 after the pandemic to the Point Defiance Zoo in Tacoma. The Bird Alliance at the time said standards of care for the birds had evolved and it no longer had the staff capacity to care for such highly intelligent birds with complex social and training needs. The organization also said it was rebuilding the ambassador animal program post-COVID-19.

Wells acknowledged that hundreds of thousands of people have met the ambassador animals and many have forged a special connection with them. But, he said, the leadership team is still figuring out whether the program will continue. He didn’t comment on why that’s the case.

“At this stage we are assessing all options – including rehoming our three ambassadors – with our animal ambassadors’ well-being, and staff capacity to oversee and manage this program, given the highest consideration,” Wells said. “We will keep the public informed and will act with care and deliberation as we make this important decision.”

Wells said the Bird Alliance would continue to invest in the wildlife care center.

The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned animals in northwest Oregon. Several other area rescues transport animals there for treatment. Last year, the center treated more than 3,100 injured or orphaned native birds and other native wildlife, including nearly 100 different bird species.

Baby American Robin sent via Uber to Portland Audubon's Wildlife Care Center.

A baby American Robin was sent via Uber to the Bird Alliance's wildlife care center. The center is one of the few places that cares for sick, injured and orphaned birds, mammals and reptiles in northwest Oregon. It treated more than 3,100 animals last year.

Herman’s layoff came at the height of the busiest season, as the center triaged and fed several hundred birds and other animals, including baby hummingbirds, baby cowbirds, baby crows, baby jays, great horned owls, swallows, squirrels, ducklings, bats and a baby kestrel, volunteers said.

Herman was the center’s sole holder of a permit from the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and also fulfilled several requirements that made the program eligible for another permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, both of which allow the center to operate.

Her abrupt layoff meant the Bird Alliance was out of compliance for several days and was forced to shutter its care center for 24 hours as another staffer scrambled to secure a new permit, volunteers said.

Although staff and volunteers continued to feed and treat the animals during the closure, the center couldn’t accept new animals, leading to several dying, volunteers said.

Herman told The Oregonian/OregonLive that despite constant reassurances from the leadership team and the organization’s board that they were working to improve conditions at the center, including by undertaking the land purchase to build a new facility, animal and staff well-being didn’t seem to be a top priority.

“I experienced constant pressure to make the program less than it is and to continue to temporarily patch or ignore facilities issues that have been on the verge of catastrophic failure for decades,” she said. “Add to that frequent suggestions from board members and leadership that we should simply turn away people and animals or only take care of endangered species to save money, and a pattern of general promises of support followed by asking us what we needed, and then telling us we were asking for too much.”

Wells said staffing at the center had doubled in the past few years. Currently, three full-time staff members, two part-time veterinarians, two seasonal workers and about 100 volunteers take care of the animals there.

In a letter to the volunteers shared with The Oregonian/OregonLive, Wells acknowledged the permit snafu.

“I want to express my sincerest apologies for the way that we rolled out layoffs during our organization’s incredibly difficult budget cycle,” he wrote. “I want to recognize how deeply the loss of Steph Herman and Katie Newton impacted the Wildlife Care Center community. I also acknowledge that removing their positions increased the workload for everyone else during the busiest time of year.”

Wells promised to improve the transparency and timing of communications and said the Bird Alliance would work hard to regain trust and raise more money to ensure adequate staffing levels at the rehabilitation center.

To that end, it has added a full-time grant writer and increased staffing to deepen relationships with existing donors and develop relationships with new donors, he told The Oregonian/OregonLive. In the meantime, it has increased the hours and terms for existing seasonal staff at the center.

Regaining volunteers’ trust is key as the alliance plans to build a larger animal rehabilitation center to replace the existing one, which is too old and too small to handle the increasing onslaught of animal patients, the organization has said. Two years ago, the current center was further damaged during an ice storm and had to temporarily close for repairs.

The Bird Alliance is in the process of purchasing a 12.5-acre site on Northeast 82nd Avenue across from McDaniel High School, the group’s spokesperson Ali Berman confirmed. The property, a former landfill and quarry owned by Mike Hashem, is one of the city’s largest undeveloped tracks and has sat vacant for years.

Last week, the state filed a document as part of a court-approved consent order, the final step before the Bird Alliance can close on the property. The document specifies that the organization will be responsible for monitoring and remediating methane emissions at the site.

Berman said methane levels at the property have been close to zero for at least a decade, but a monitoring system will be in place. The monitoring doesn’t pose a financial burden, she said.

“Bird Alliance of Oregon has long advocated for restoring and redeveloping brownfields,” Berman said. “And now, we have an opportunity to put that in action while providing a valuable community asset and green space that will be accessible to the public.”

— Gosia Wozniacka covers environmental justice, climate change, the clean energy transition and other environmental issues. Reach her at gwozniacka@oregonian.com or 971-421-3154.

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How the new wildlife crossing over I-5 will help delicate Oregon ecosystem

The new crossing will be in southern Oregon in the Siskiyous, where the freeway bisects the home of an impressive list of flora and fauna

The terrain south of Ashland and stretching to the California border sits at an incredible intersection of ecological systems.Here, the ancient Siskiyou Mountains meet the volcanic Cascades, the high desert of the Great Basin, the Klamath Mountains and the oak woodlands of Northern California.Dubbed an “ecological wonderland” and home to an impressive list of flora and fauna, the area was designated as the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument in 2000.Plowing through all that biodiversity is Interstate 5, which carries 17,000 vehicles per day. The four-lane interstate essentially severs the monument into two.Animals don’t have an easy time getting from one side of the road to the other. Due to its location, however, the area is a hotbed of wildlife activity and considered a “red zone” for vehicle collisions.“The traffic volume on most portions of I-5 would be considered to be a permanent barrier to wildlife movement,” Tim Greseth, executive director of the Oregon Wildlife Foundation, tells Columbia Insight. “The oddity with this particular location is it’s smack dab in the middle of the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument, which was established primarily because of the biodiversity of the region.”Now there’s good news, for wildlife and motorists alike.Artist's rendering of Oregon's first overcrossing for wildlife, proposed for just north of the California border.ODOTThe area will soon get a lot safer thanks to a $33 million federal grant to the Oregon Department of Transportation to construct a massive wildlife crossing over I-5 just north of the Oregon-California border.“The grant award will allow ODOT to construct a wildlife crossing over Interstate 5 in southern Oregon in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument,” according to the ODOT website. “This will be the first wildlife overcrossing for Oregon and for the entire stretch of I-5 between Mexico and Canada.”Announced in December, the grant award for the Southern Oregon Wildlife Overcrossing is the result of years of work and collaboration spearheaded by the Southern Oregon Wildlife Crossing Coalition, which formed in 2021 to push for animal crossings in the monument.ODOT will provide another $3.8 million in matching funds that will come from a pot of money created by the 2021 Oregon Legislature to support wildlife crossings across the state.Construction is expected to begin in 2028, according to ODOT.Overcross vs. undercrossEach year in Oregon, officials document about 6,000 vehicle collisions with deer and elk.Wildlife crossings are effective at reducing such collisions.Oregon’s six existing wildlife undercrossings—tunnels constructed beneath roads—have resulted in an 80-90% decrease in vehicle-wildlife collisions in impacted areas, according to ODOT and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.“There’s a real advantage to doing overcrossings versus undercrossings,” says Greseth. “Overcrossings get a lot more diversity of species use. If you think about an underpass—and think about even people and how we might approach something where we’re going underneath a busy road—each of us individually would probably approach that with some trepidation. Animals aren’t going to be different.”The proposed I-5 overcross will consist of soil, vegetation and landscaping elements to make the crossing feel safer to wildlife. It will include retaining walls and sound walls along its length to dampen interstate noise and shield wildlife from light on the road.Dense plantings of vegetation will offer cover from predators for smaller animals, while open paths along the crossing will give animals using the bridge the ability to see their destination, according to ODOT spokesperson Julie Denney.ODOT’s landscape architect and a multidisciplinary subgroup are planning which plants to use on the bridge. The team is “focusing on the plants that will help make the crossing the most attractive for the species we expect to utilize the crossing,” says Denney. Those species include deer, elk, bear, cougar, birds and even insects.Potential plants for the crossing include sugar pine, desert gooseberry, deer brush, Oregon white oak, dwarf Oregon white oak, rubber rabbitbrush, antelope bitterbrush and spreading dogbane.The structure will span northbound and southbound lanes, and have fencing stretching two-and-a-half miles in each direction and on either side of the interstate. The fencing will help funnel wildlife onto the bridge.“Our goal is to provide an environment for the crossing to be as natural as possible, hopefully in a way that the wildlife are unaware they are crossing a major interstate,” says Denney.Kendra Chamberlain is Columbia Insight’s contributing editor. As a freelance journalist based in Eugene, she covers the environment, energy and climate change. Her work has appeared in DeSmog Blog, High Country News, InvestigateWest and Ensia.Columbia Insight, based in Hood River is a nonprofit newsroom focused on environmental issues of the Columbia River Basin and the Pacific Northwest.

Chained Monkey Among Latest Wildlife Rescues in Costa Rica

Although Costa Rica is committed to protecting wildlife, unscrupulous individuals continue to violate the rules and insist on keeping wild animals as pets. The National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) rescued a white-faced monkey that was held in captivity in Jacó. The animal was tied with a chain around its neck, which caused serious injuries, […] The post Chained Monkey Among Latest Wildlife Rescues in Costa Rica appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

Although Costa Rica is committed to protecting wildlife, unscrupulous individuals continue to violate the rules and insist on keeping wild animals as pets. The National System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) rescued a white-faced monkey that was held in captivity in Jacó. The animal was tied with a chain around its neck, which caused serious injuries, according to SINAC personnel. “He no longer had any hair to protect him around the neck because of the chain. He had open wounds that must have caused him a lot of pain,” officials stated. The animal was taken to Zooave, located in La Garita de Alajuela, where it is receiving veterinary medical attention. SINAC emphasized that keeping wildlife in captivity is a crime and urges people to report any cases they know of. “For those who had this animal in captivity, the corresponding complaint was filed with the Public Prosecutor’s Office,” SINAC confirmed. Parrots, parakeets, turtles, snakes, and iguanas are among the wild animals protected by the Wildlife Conservation Law in Costa Rica.   On the other hand, a two-toed sloth cub was rescued in the canton of Upala during an operation involving the Public Force, local residents, and SINAC. The rescue occurred after the officers received information about the female sloth cub, which had been found abandoned by a local family. According to authorities, the animal was handed over to the officers, who, while feeding and caring for her, began searching for the mother in the vicinity. Despite their efforts to locate her, it was not possible. On Wednesday, they coordinated with the wildlife rescue center “Toucan Rescue Ranch” in Río Frío, Sarapiquí, to transfer the calf, where it is receiving the proper care. “The two-toed sloth is a species facing a population decline in Costa Rica, mainly due to the destruction of its natural habitat and illegal capture for keeping as pets,” environmental authorities highlighted. Keeping animals in captivity is a crime in Costa Rica, which carries monetary penalties and even a prison sentence. The post Chained Monkey Among Latest Wildlife Rescues in Costa Rica appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

Fears of ‘rogue rewilding’ in Scottish Highlands after further lynx sightings

Environmentalists condemn unauthorised releases as ‘reckless’ and ‘highly irresponsible’For a brief moment this week, lynx have been roaming the Scottish Highlands once again. But this was not the way conservationists had hoped to end their 1,000-year absence.On Wednesday, Police Scotland received reports of two lynx in a forest in the Cairngorms national park, sparking a frantic search. That episode ended in less than a day. Both animals were quickly captured by experts from the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) and taken to quarantine facilities at Highland wildlife park. Continue reading...

For a brief moment this week, lynx roamed the Scottish Highlands once again. But this was not the way conservationists had hoped to end their 1,000-year absence.On Wednesday, Police Scotland received reports of two lynx in a forest in the Cairngorms national park, sparking a frantic search. That episode ended in less than a day. Both animals were quickly captured by experts from the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) and taken to quarantine facilities at Highland wildlife park.Yet their delight at a successful operation was shortlived. Early on Friday morning, the RZSS’s network of wildlife cameras caught two more lynx in the same stretch of forest, near Kingussie. The baited traps were redeployed, and its specialists were hunting again.Screen grab taken from video issued by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) of one of the two Lynx captured in the Cairngorms on Thursday. Photograph: Royal Zoological Society of Scotland/PASpeculation has erupted over who was responsible for the illegal release, and police said enquiries were continuing to establish the full circumstances. Both lynx – who are shy, solitary animals in the wild and not dangerous to humans – appeared tame and showed little sign of being able to survive on their own, according to a witness. The witness said the lynx were found near straw bedding left beside a layby with dead chicks and porcupine quills.On social media, some pointed the finger at rogue rewilders taking the law into their own hands by making the return of lynx a fact on the ground, akin to how beavers returned to the UK through unauthorised “beaver bombing” . Studies indicate that the Highlands could support as many as 400 lynx in the wild and there is strong support for their return among environmental groups. But leading voices in the rewilding sector were quick to condemn this week’s unauthorised release as “reckless” and “highly irresponsible”.Dave Barclay, the RZSS expert leading the hunt for the lynx, was furious. These animals were semi-tame, and “highly habituated to people”, he said, yet had been released in deep winter. Temperatures locally had plunged below -5C, with deep snow cover, and they had been released at the mouth of a forest track heavily used by logging machinery.“All of that compromises the welfare of these animals,” he said. “It is abhorrent what has happened here, and against all international good practice.”Investigators now suspect the lynx could be from a family group. The two captured yesterday are understood to be juveniles, cubs aged about 1 or 2 years of age, while the two spotted on Friday are thought to be an adult and a third juvenile.Ben Goldsmith, an environmentalist who said he was not involved with the release, said: “Like many others, I have been momentarily thrilled by the notion of lynx once again stalking the Cairngorms. Lynx are an iconic native species missing from Britain and they should be back here. The habitat is perfect, these are secretive animals, and there are no good reasons not to reintroduce them.“We don’t know the story behind these missing lynx – perhaps they are abandoned pets that have become unmanageable. Whatever has happened, it seems to have been poorly thought through,” he added.The lynx were found on Danish billionaire Anders Povlsen’s Killiehuntly estate. A spokesperson for WildLand, the company that runs his Scottish estates, said they believed that native predators should only be reintroduced lawfully and in close collaboration with local people.In the UK, citizens must apply to their local council to keep wild animals legally. According to figures collected by Born Free in 2023, 31 lynx were kept by private collectors, although all were housed in England. Experts said that more lynx were likely to be held in unauthorised private collections that were difficult to monitor.“There could be far more lynx in private hands that are actually recorded. If they have cubs, they may not register them. People would be gobsmacked of what people have in their back garden. I know of people who have snow leopards and cougars in their back garden. It’s shocking. It should be banned,” said Dr Paul O’Donoghue, director of the Lynx UK Trust, who also said he was not involved with therelease.Were it not for the English Channel, lynx would probably already have returned to the UK. Now a protected species in Europe, the Eurasian lynx has recovered from a few hundred in the 1950s to as many as 10,000. Research shows there is mixed support for their return in the UK, with strong opposition from the agricultural community, who fear they will attack livestock.Edward Mountain, MSP for the Highlands and Islands and a landowner, said there was a “genuine fear” amongst locals about “guerrilla rewilding”. “We saw it with beavers on the Tay, now there’s talk of reintroducing sea eagles and goshawks. It can change an entire local ecosystem and that’s dangerous if it’s not done properly,” he said.

Why sabre-toothed animals evolved again and again

Sabre teeth can be ideal for puncturing the flesh of prey, which may explain why they evolved in different groups of mammals at least five times

The skull of a saber-toothed tiger (Smilodon)Steve Morton Predators have evolved sabre teeth many times during the history of life – and we now have a better idea why these teeth develop as they do. Sabre teeth have very specific characteristics: they are exceptionally long, sharp canines that tend to be slightly flattened and curved, rather than rounded. Such teeth have independently evolved in different groups of mammals at least five times, and fossils of sabre-tooth predators have been found in North and South America, Europe and Asia. The teeth are first known to have appeared some 270 million years ago, in mammal-like reptiles called gorgonopsids. Another example is Thylacosmilus, which died out about 2.5 million years ago and was most closely related to marsupials. Sabre teeth were last seen in Smilodon, often called sabre-toothed tigers, which existed until about 10,000 years ago. To investigate why these teeth kept re-evolving, Tahlia Pollock at the University of Bristol, UK, and her colleagues looked at the canines of 95 carnivorous mammal species, including 25 sabre-toothed ones. First, the researchers measured the shapes of the teeth to categorise and model them. Then they 3D-printed smaller versions of each tooth in metal and tested their performance in puncture tests, in which the teeth were mechanically pushed into gelatine blocks designed to mimic the density of animal tissue. This showed that the sabre teeth were able to puncture the block with up to 50 per cent less force than the other teeth could, says Pollock. The researchers then assessed the tooth shape and puncture performance data using a measure called the Pareto rank ratio, which judged how optimal the teeth were for strength or puncturing. “A carnivore’s teeth have to be sharp and slender enough to allow the animal to pierce the flesh of their prey, but they also need to be blunt and robust enough to not break while an animal’s biting,” says Pollock. Animals like Smilodon had extremely long sabre teeth. “These teeth were probably popping up again and again because they represent an optimal design for puncture,” says Pollock. “They’re really good at puncturing, but that also means that they’re a little bit fragile.” For instance, the La Brea Tar Pits in California have lots of fossils of Smilodon, some with broken teeth. Other sabre-toothed animals also had teeth that were the ideal shape for a slightly different job. The cat Dinofelis had squatter sabre teeth that balanced puncturing and strength more equally, says Pollock. The teeth of other sabre-toothed species sat between these optimal shapes, which might be why some of them didn’t last too long. “These kinds of things trade off,” says Pollock. “The aspects of shape that make a tooth good at one thing make it bad at the other.” One of the main hypotheses for why sabre-tooth species went extinct is that ecosystems were changing and the huge prey they are thought to have targeted, such as mammoths, were disappearing. The team’s puncture findings back this up. The giant teeth wouldn’t have been as effective for catching prey that were more like the size of a rabbit, and the risk of tooth breakage here may have increased, so the sabre-toothed animals would have been outcompeted by predators that are more effective at hunting such prey, like cats with smaller teeth, says Pollock. “As soon as the ecological or environmental conditions change, the highly specialised sabre-tooth predators were unable to adapt quickly enough and became extinct,” says Stephan Lautenschlager at the University of Birmingham, UK. “I think that’s part of the reason why this sabre-tooth morphology hasn’t evolved again in the present – we don’t have the megafauna,” says Julie Meachen at Des Moines University in Iowa. “The prey is not there.”

Oregon approves key permit for controversial biofuel refinery on Columbia River

Oregon environmental regulators gave a key stamp of approval to a proposed $2.5 billion biofuel refinery along the Columbia River despite continued opposition from environmental groups and tribes over potential impacts to the river and salmon.

Oregon environmental regulators gave a key stamp of approval to a proposed $2.5 billion biofuel refinery along the Columbia River despite continued opposition from environmental groups and tribes over potential impacts to the river and salmon.The NEXT Energy refinery, also known as NXTClean Fuels, plans to manufacture renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel at the deepwater port of Port Westward, an industrial park on the outskirts of Clatskanie in Columbia County. Biofuels are considered renewable because they are produced from plants and organic waste products such as cow manure or agricultural residue.The Department of Environmental Quality on Tuesday approved a water quality certification for NEXT, allowing the Houston-based company to move forward with the project. The certification – marking the final comprehensive state review – is a requirement for the refinery to secure a federal permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.The state agency previously twice denied NEXT’s application for the certification, in 2021 and 2022, “due to insufficient information to evaluate the permit application.” More recently, the company secured state approvals for a removal fill permit and air permit in 2022 and county land-use permits in 2024.Proponents hail biofuels for their ability to reduce carbon emissions as a stop-gap measure before the transportation sector can move to full-on electrification as climate groups advocate. Countries across the world, including the U.S., individual states like Oregon and cities such as Portland have bet on biofuels to reduce carbon emissions from cars and trucks via fuel blending mandates that require a certain percentage of biofuels to be mixed with traditional fossil fuels.Environmental groups have raised concerns in recent years about the impacts of biofuel production, storage and transportation, including deforestation, the displacement of food production and the significant greenhouse gas emissions from various biofuel sources.The Port Westward refinery plans to produce up to 50,000 barrels per day – or more than 750 million gallons a year – of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel. The fuels will be shipped offsite via pipelines, trucks and railcars to markets worldwide.Environmental groups this week said state regulators “caved in” to pressure from the building trades, putting the river and people’s well-being at risk from possible spills.DEQ spokesperson Michael Loch declined to directly comment on that statement.“DEQ carefully reviewed NEXT’s application for a 401 water quality certification and determined that the proposed project meets the state’s water quality standards,” Loch said.NEXT has said it plans to make the biofuels at Port Westward from used cooking oil, fish grease, animal tallows and seed oils. It already has an agreement with a Vietnamese company to import fish grease, company spokesperson Michael Hinrichs said. And it’s in discussions with other companies for used cooking oil and animal tallows from Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Brazil and Canada, he said.Conservation groups in Oregon dispute those promises, pointing to the company’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.“NEXT’s documentation shows that the majority of its feedstocks will be from corn and soybean oil, which are purpose-grown feedstocks with a higher carbon footprint, and will be shipped to the facility on long trains,” said Audrey Leonard, a staff attorney with Columbia Riverkeeper, a Portland-based environmental group focused on protecting the river that has fought the project for years.Columbia Riverkeeper and other opponents of the project also argue the refinery could damage water quality in the Columbia and its tributaries, including several area sloughs, and degrade local wetlands in the event of spills from the refinery and its railyard caused by accidents or a major earthquake.The proposed refinery would be built on unstable soil behind dikes that are next to high-value farmland and salmon habitat, Leonard said. Renewable fuels are just as flammable as fossil fuels, she said.In addition, the proposed refinery would use large volumes of fracked gas, a fossil fuel, in the production of renewable fuels, resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions, Leonard said. NEXT’s air permit allows over 1 million tons a year of greenhouse gas emissions from the fracked gas operations to produce the fuel at the refinery. For comparison, the average petroleum refinery emits 1.2 million tons per year and Intel’s two campuses are authorized to emit a combined 1.7 million tons of greenhouse gases per year.The region’s tribes also have sent letters opposing the refinery, saying it will degrade water quality and negatively affect juvenile salmon and other aquatic species.“This project is a massive step backwards from the years of effort to improve aquatic habitat,” wrote Aja K. DeCoteau, executive director with the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission which manages fisheries for local tribes.Other groups have expressed support for the project and see it as a climate change solution that will reduce emissions and pollution.“On our way to a zero-emission future, we must do everything we can to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and toxic air pollution in the short term through strategies like rapidly expanding the use of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel,” wrote Tim Miller, the director of Oregon Business for Climate, a nonprofit group focused on mobilizing industry support to advance climate policy in Oregon.Now that the refinery has the water certification in hand, the Army Corps of Engineers will issue a draft environmental impact statement for public review later this year and will evaluate whether to issue a federal water quality permit for the project.NEXT still must secure two state stormwater permits, though those are routine and typically filed after approval of the federal permit.The company is also developing a second biofuel refinery in Lakeview, 100 miles east of Klamath Falls, after acquiring an existing never-opened facility in 2023 from Red Rock Biofuels when that company went into foreclosure. The Lakeview plant will use wood waste from local forest thinning, logging and wildfire management activities to make renewable natural gas, known as RNG. The company has yet to announce when the plant will launch.— Gosia Wozniacka covers environmental justice, climate change, the clean energy transition and other environmental issues. Reach her at gwozniacka@oregonian.com or 971-421-3154.Our journalism needs your support. Subscribe today to OregonLive.com.

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