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Dark skies of Paranal Observatory in Chile are under threat

ESO's Paranal Observatory, in Chile's Atacama Desert, has some of the world's clearest and darkest skies. But a new construction project now threatens them. The post Dark skies of Paranal Observatory in Chile are under threat first appeared on EarthSky.

The European Southern Observatory’s Paranal Observatory lies under some of the darkest and clearest skies in the world, in Chile’s Atacama Desert. Now a new construction project is threatening to cause irreparable damage to the views of deep space, visible from this pristine site. In this image, Jupiter is the bright object near ESO Photo Ambassador Petr Horálek (standing at center). The telescopes in this view are the 4 Unit Telescopes (UTs) that comprise ESO’s Very Large Telescope VLT. Also in this shot are 4 smaller Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs). Image via ESO/ P. Horálek. Dark skies of Paranal Observatory under threat The night sky over the European Southern Observatory’s Paranal Observatory in Chile is said to be the darkest and clearest over any astronomical observatory in the world. Astronomical data gathered under these pristine skies let astronomers present the first image of an exoplanet, and confirm the accelerated expansion of the universe. But now, according to ESO, a new industrial megaproject is threatening the observatory’s dark skies. A preliminary analysis by ESO suggests the project would cause “devastating and irreversible” harm to the region’s night sky. That megaproject is a massive industrial complex by AES Andes, based in Santiago, Chile. This company is a subsidiary of the U.S. power company AES Corporation. According to ESO, the AES Andes complex would be city sized (more than 7,400 acres) and lie just a few kilometers from Paranal Observatory. The ESO analysis follows an environmental assessment, submited by AES Andes on December 24, 2024. AES Andes’ project is called INNA, for Infraestructura Energética para la Generación de Hidrogeno y Amoníaco Verde. The project seeks to make use of the solar and wind resources in the area. ESO’s director general Xavier Barcons said: The proximity of the AES Andes industrial megaproject to Paranal poses a critical risk to the most pristine night skies on the planet. Dust emissions during construction, increased atmospheric turbulence, and especially light pollution will irreparably impact the capabilities for astronomical observation, which have thus far attracted multi-billion-Euro investments by the governments of the ESO Member States. View larger. | This map of the region shows the location of Paranal Observatory in the Atacama Desert in Chile along with the proposed industrial complex. Image via ESO. The results of the analysis The INNA project would include construction of a port, ammonia and hydrogen production plants and thousands of electricity generation units. The analysis said that light pollution would increase by at least 35% above the VLT and by more than 50% above the south site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO-South). The increase in air turbulence and vibrations would further cause problems. For example, the Extremely Large Telescope, currently under construction, is extremely sensitive to even the smallest vibrations. The nearby INNA project wind turbines would impair its abilities. How would this harm astronomers’ research? One example – described by Paul Scott Anderson of EarthSky – is that, after its completion, the ELT would have the capability to find alien life in just hours. Will that still be true if AES Andes carries out its industrial megaproject? The impact of light pollution on these telescopes even puts our planet at risk. A representative of ESO, Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo, said: With a brighter sky, we severely limit our ability to … monitor asteroids that could cause damage to our planet. We build the largest and most powerful telescopes, in the best place on Earth for astronomy, to enable astronomers worldwide to see what no one has ever seen before. Light pollution from projects like INNA doesn’t just hinder research, it steals our shared view of the universe. The director of operations for ESO, Andreas Kaufer, said: The light-pollution figures we are reporting assume that the project will install the most modern available luminaries in a way that minimizes light pollution. However, we are concerned that the inventory of light sources planned by AES is not complete and fit for purpose. In that case, our already alarming results would underestimate the potential impact of the INNA project on the Paranal sky brightness. Request to move the project Barcons said: ESO and its Member States are fully supportive of energy decarbonization. For us Chile should not have to make a choice between hosting the most powerful astronomical observatories and developing green-energy projects. Both are declared strategic priorities by the country and are fully compatible — if the different facilities are located at sufficient distances from one another. ESO also has an executive summary of the report on the environmental impact assessment. ESO said: The relocation of this project remains the only effective way to prevent irreversible damage to Paranal’s unique skies. Chilean authorities will look at the full technical report in late April 2025. Views from Paranal Observatory This image showcases ESO’s Paranal Observatory and the Very Large Telescope (VLT). They sit at an altitude of 8,530 feet (2,600 meters) in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The snow-capped peak in the background is the volcano Llullaillaco, on the Argentinean border. ESO said, “This image is a testimony of the magnificent quality of the air and the ideal conditions for observing at this remote site.” Image via ESO/ G.Hüdepohl. A laser shoots out of one of the Unit Telescopes of the Very Large Telescope (VLT). Image via ESO/ Yuri Beletsky. This scene from Paranal Observatory shows an Auxiliary Telescope in the foreground between the Magellanic Clouds as the Milky Way arches overhead. Image via ESO/ R. Wesson. Bottom line: The Atacama Desert in Chile, where ESO’s Paranal Observatory sits, has some of the clearest and darkest skies in the world. Groundbreaking astronomical discoveries have come from the observatories there. But a new industrial complex threatens the observatory with devastating and irreversible impacts. Via ESOThe post Dark skies of Paranal Observatory in Chile are under threat first appeared on EarthSky.

Costa Rica Teams Up with NASA and FECOP to Transform Ocean Monitoring

A groundbreaking collaboration between NASA, the Costa Rican Fishing Federation (FECOP), the University of Costa Rica (UCR), and the National University (UNA) is revolutionizing how Costa Rica monitors its oceans, with a focus on promoting marine conservation and sustainable fishing practices. The partnership recently launched the Pacific Color Expedition (Pcolor), a multi-year project that hit […] The post Costa Rica Teams Up with NASA and FECOP to Transform Ocean Monitoring appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

A groundbreaking collaboration between NASA, the Costa Rican Fishing Federation (FECOP), the University of Costa Rica (UCR), and the National University (UNA) is revolutionizing how Costa Rica monitors its oceans, with a focus on promoting marine conservation and sustainable fishing practices. The partnership recently launched the Pacific Color Expedition (Pcolor), a multi-year project that hit a major milestone with its first expedition in February. Aboard a research vessel equipped with a hyperspectral radiometer, scientists collected optical and pigment data along the Pacific coast, from Herradura to Golfo Dulce. This effort aligns with NASA’s PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem) satellite mission, launched in 2024, which uses advanced hyperspectral technology to study ocean color and detect environmental changes from space. Marina Marrari, FECOP’s Executive Director and a marine biologist, emphasized the initiative’s importance. “At FECOP, I work with an incredible team of scientists to promote sustainable fisheries, protect key species for sport fishing, and support coastal communities through science and education,” she said. “This collaboration unites researchers, conservationists, and policymakers to safeguard our oceans.” The Pcolor expedition’s primary target? Red tides—harmful algal blooms caused by certain phytoplankton that threaten marine ecosystems, fisheries, and public health. By combining satellite data from PACE, aerial observations from NASA’s JPL Avuelo campaign, and on-the-water measurements, the team is building a comprehensive picture of phytoplankton dynamics along Costa Rica’s coast. UCR and UNA researchers contributed critical analyses, studying taxonomy, bacterial communities, chlorophyll levels, nutrients, and oceanographic conditions. “Each data point helps us improve red tide detection and develop strategies for sustainable marine resource management,” Marrari explained. The data will refine algorithms for PACE, tailoring them to Costa Rica’s unique phytoplankton species—information freely accessible via FECOP’s PezCA app. The five-day expedition also expanded its scope, collecting samples to study microplastics, heavy metals, and microbial populations, amplifying its impact. Joaquín Chaves, a Costa Rican scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, joined the effort, bridging local expertise with global technology. For Costa Rica, the stakes are high. Red tides disrupt fishing tourism—a vital economic driver—and endanger marine life. “Being at sea, uncovering its secrets, and using science to benefit our communities is a privilege,” Marrari said. “This work empowers policymakers with evidence to protect our coasts.” This partnership marks a scientific leap forward, blending cutting-edge technology with local knowledge to ensure a healthier ocean for future generations. The post Costa Rica Teams Up with NASA and FECOP to Transform Ocean Monitoring appeared first on The Tico Times | Costa Rica News | Travel | Real Estate.

Under Trump, Texas firm pushes to restart Santa Barbara oil drilling. Is it skirting California laws?

A Houston-based oil company has rebuffed the authority of the California Coastal Commission in a bid to revive drilling off the coast of Santa Barbara.

More than 50 years ago, a catastrophic oil spill along Santa Barbara’s coastline served to galvanize the modern environmental movement and also helped to usher in one of the state’s strongest conservation laws: the California Coastal Act. Now, as the Trump administration seeks to encourage oil and gas production within federal lands and waters, that watershed conservation law is being tested along the same stretch of coastline — and in a way it never has before. For months, a Texas-based oil company has rebuffed the authority of the California Coastal Commission — the body tasked with enforcing the act — and has instead pushed forward with controversial plans to revive oil production off the Gaviota Coast.Ten years after another spill brought oil production here to a halt, Sable Offshore Corp. has begun repairing and upgrading the network of oil pipelines responsible for that 2015 spill, without Coastal Commission approval and ignoring the commission’s repeated demands to stop its work, officials say. Crews bag oiled sand and kelp at Refugio State Beach in May 2015, after a ruptured pipeline near Santa Barbara leaked an estimated 140,000 gallons of crude oil. (Al Seib / Los Angeles Times) “This is the first time in the agency’s history that we’ve had a party blatantly ignore a cease and desist order like this and refuse to submit a permit application,” Cassidy Teufel, deputy director of the California Coastal Commission, told a packed town hall recently. Aggressive and impactful reporting on climate change, the environment, health and science. Sable has accused the commission of “overreach” and insists that it has acquired the necessary approvals for its work.The company intends to revive operations at three oil platforms known as the Santa Ynez Unit, which connects to pipelines that have been the focus of the ongoing repair work after a corroded section of those pipes ruptured near Refugio State Beach in 2015. That pipeline failure, which occurred under different ownership, spewed an estimated 140,000 gallons of crude oil, harmed hundreds of miles of coastline and cost millions to clean up. In a new report, Coastal Commission staff allege that Sable’s activities — which include excavation, grading, removing vegetation and placing cement bags on the seafloor — “have adversely impacted, and continue to adversely impact, coastal resources as a result of Sable’s outright refusal to comply with the Coastal Act.” The report recommends that commissioners fine Sable almost $15 million, issue another cease and desist order for all development along the pipelines and require restoration work.The requested sanctions will be considered next week at a public hearing — one of the first such venues for citizens to weigh in on reactivation of the offshore oil rigs and how that could affect the local environment, which has long concerned Santa Barbara residents and climate activists. Sable insists it does not need to comply with the latest Coastal Commission requests. “The repair and maintenance work done to ensure the safe condition of the Santa Ynez Unit and onshore pipelines was fully authorized by coastal development permits previously approved by the California Coastal Commission and Santa Barbara County,” Steve Rusch, Sable’s vice president of environmental and governmental affairs, said in a prepared statement. “Commission staff’s unreasonable overreach is an attempt to exert influence over the planned restart of the Santa Ynez Unit oil production operations.”In a statement of defense submitted to the Coastal Commission, Sable noted that due to updated requirements, “this pipeline will meet more stringent environmental and safety requirements than any other pipeline in the state.”The company called the commission’s findings on environmental impacts exaggerated, and noted that it has “implemented several construction best management practices to limit impacts to coastal resources, biological resources, and archaeological resources,” Sable wrote. Cleanup workers pile bags of oil-soaked sand at Refugio State Beach in Goleta after a 2015 oil pipeline rupture. (Mel Melcon / Los Angeles Times) So who’s in charge of such projects?If Sable succeeds in restarting operations, it would mark a surprising reversal for California’s oil and gas industry in recent years, as climate-focused policies have slowly reduced the state’s production of fossil fuels. The Houston-based company estimates that once the Santa Ynez Unit is fully online, it could produce an estimated 28,000 barrels of oil a day, according to an investor presentation.The unit has three offshore platforms — Hondo, Harmony and Heritage — located in federal waters a few miles off the coast. These platforms are connected to the Las Flores Canyon processing facility, inland from El Capitan State Beach, and other distribution lines that run onshore. The 2015 Refugio oil spill was caused by the rupture of a buried onshore pipeline. Sable has said it anticipates restarting offshore oil production in the second quarter this year, but the company acknowledges that some regulatory and oversight hurdles remain. Most notably, its restart plan must be approved by the state fire marshal. Though Sable has already cleared some of that agency’s major regulatory steps, State Fire Marshal Daniel Berlant has said the company’s final restart plan wouldn’t be approved without agreement from a handful of other state agencies, including the Coastal Commission. “Before we would ever sign off on a pipeline, [we will make] sure that each of these departments has agreed that all of the rules have been followed,” Berlant said at the March town hall.Berlant also assured Santa Barbarans that since the 2015 spill, the fire marshal’s office has implemented more stringent standards for oil infrastructure, which are part of Sable’s plan. He said his office requires 67 new conditions focused on safety and corrosion protection, stricter and more frequent monitoring and repair standards.Sable, however, has most heavily relied on recent approval from Santa Barbara County Planning & Development, which in October said the company could proceed with its corrosion repair work under the pipeline’s original county permit from the 1980s. The company contends it is still relevant because its work is only repairing and maintaining an existing pipeline, not constructing new infrastructure.After concern from the Coastal Commission and environmental groups, county officials confirmed its position in February, concluding that Sable’s repair work on the corroded pipeline “is authorized by the existing permits ... [and] was analyzed in the prior Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement.” A worker cleans oil from the rocks and beach at Refugio State Beach in Goleta, Calif. in 2015. (Mark Ralston/AFP via Getty Images) Coastal Commission staff have questioned how a permit from nearly 40 years ago can adequately take into account current technology, requirements to remedy corrosion issues and environmental conditions. “The removal of the pipeline’s insulation and implementation of this new strategy for managing corrosion risk represents such a fundamental shift in the pipeline’s design and operation that resuming operations under this new system would not be consistent with the existing permit,” the staff report said. It also argues that old permits don’t take into account current habitats or sensitive species in the area, including those newly considered endangered or threatened, such as the steelhead, the tidewater goby and the California red-legged frog.Ultimately, the matter may be determined in court. In February, Sable sued the Coastal Commission claiming it doesn’t have the authority to oversee its work.“Sable’s representatives have told us that they’ll only stop if a court makes them, so we’ve been working with the attorney general’s office for the past month to move in that direction,” Teufel said at a town hall last month in Santa Barbara. The event drew hundreds of attendees — clearly divided between those donning Sable hats and others holding signs that read, “No polluting pipeline” and “No coastal permit, no restart.”But as of yet, California Atty. Gen. Rob Bonta hasn’t weighed in. A spokesperson for the office declined to respond to questions from The Times, referring inquiries to the Coastal Commission. A controversial legacySince 1969, when the blowout of on an offshore oil platform spewed more than 3 million gallons of crude oil into the Santa Barbara Channel and devastated the coastline, environmentalists have fought to shut down offshore oil rigs along the Gaviota Coast. In their view, Sable’s behavior has been beyond the pale. “So far this has been happening with no environmental review,” said Alex Katz, the executive director of the the Environmental Defense Center, which was founded after the 1969 spill. “For a project that’s this big and has this much risk, it’s very strange.”At the same time, other residents see economic value in oil extraction. Santa Barbara County Supervisor Bob Nelson has called much of the concern around the pipeline “political theater.” He said he generally agrees that Sable has the necessary permits to restart oil production, and noted that local oil is better than the alternative, especially when there’s still demand for such fuel. “If you really cared about climate change, you’d want to use this oil,” Nelson said in an interview, arguing that it’s better to use local resources than oil shipped from around the world, where there are likely fewer environmental regulations and no local tax revenue or jobs. Sable has reported it expects the project to initially generate $5 million a year in new taxes for the county and, upon restart, would support an additional 300 jobs. At the town hall last month, Assemblymember Gregg Hart (D-Santa Barbara) called on California’s attorney general to get involved in this process to uphold the state’s environmental laws, noting that there are clear risks, as with any offshore drilling project. “It is a false choice to say we have to choose between protecting our environment and growing our economy,” Hart said at the packed hearing that included representatives from at least eight state agencies.. “We have experience here in this community of the tragedies that come from companies that don’t operate responsibly. … We have some serious concerns about what’s being proposed with the Sable pipeline.”Some of those state agencies, including the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the State Water Resources Control Board and the California Department of Parks and Recreation, have also raised concerns about Sable’s work. The regional water board in December issued Sable a noncompliance notice for unauthorized discharge into waterways, while wildlife officials alerted the company of a potential Fish and Game Code violation. Sable’s response to those issues remain under review. Yet, the full extent of completed or possible environmental damage from this project remains unclear, the Coastal Commission argues, because Sable hasn’t shared detailed plans or applied for permits. And that’s a precedent that should be concerning for all Californians, said Linda Krop, chief counsel for the Environmental Defense Center.“This is the biggest threat to the California coast,” Krop said. “They should not be allowed to operate when they’re violating state laws.”Staff writer Tony Briscoe contributed to this report.

Newsom in fight to advance plans for $20-billion water tunnel in the Sacramento Delta

The Newsom administration is pushing to build a $20-billion water tunnel. As state regulators hold hearings, the fight over the project is escalating.

The battle over whether California should build a $20-billion water tunnel in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta is escalating, with Gov. Gavin Newsom pushing to lay the groundwork for the project before his term expires and state water regulators considering whether to grant a key authorization.The State Water Resources Control Board has begun holding a series of hearings on a petition by the Newsom administration to amend water rights permits so that flows could be diverted from new points on the Sacramento River where the intakes of the 45-mile tunnel would be built.The process has grown tense in recent weeks, as the Newsom administration and water agencies have pushed back against how the board’s officials are handling parts of the process, and as opponents have urged the board not to bend to political pressure.Speaking at a virtual hearing Thursday, state Department of Water Resources general counsel Ann Carroll presented the Newsom administration’s case for the tunnel, calling it one of California’s “most important climate adaptation projects.”“Changing precipitation patterns are leading to more rain, less snow and a limited ability to capture and move water,” Carroll said. “The ability to capture high flows when available is critical to adapting to a changing climate.”Supporters of the plan, called the Delta Conveyance Project, say the state urgently needs to build new infrastructure in the Delta to protect the water supply in the face of climate change and earthquake risks. Large Southern California water agencies are supporting the project by providing initial funding for planning work. Opponents, including Northern California agencies, environmental advocates and Native tribes, argue the project is an expensive boondoggle that would harm the environment, fish species and communities, and that the state should pursue other alternatives. They have argued that the main beneficiaries would be development interests in Southern California and agricultural landowners in the southern San Joaquin Valley.The tunnel would create a second route to transport water to the state’s pumping facilities on the south side of the Delta, where supplies enter the aqueducts of the State Water Project and are delivered to 27 million people and 750,000 acres of farmland.Newsom made his pitch for the project in a Feb. 18 letter to the state water board, saying “California’s prosperity depends upon it.” He noted that the last two California governors, Jerry Brown and Arnold Schwarzenegger, also supported earlier iterations of the concept to modernize the state’s water system.Six years ago, Newsom announced he was downsizing Brown’s proposal for a twin tunnel and instead called for a redesigned single tunnel. Now, he said, the current proposal “has been thoughtfully refined to protect the environment, fisheries, ecosystems, water quality and water supply.”During a state Senate subcommittee hearing Thursday, Department of Water Resources Director Karla Nemeth responded to critical questions from legislators about the costs and environmental effects of the project.Nemeth described the existing system as an asset that is “starting to really underperform,” and said the tunnel, if it existed now, could have captured more water during storms over the last three years. State officials have estimated that climate change could reduce average supplies available from the State Water Project by up to 23% over the next 20 years, and Nemeth said building the tunnel would ameliorate the decline and restore about 16% of that lost supply.The Newsom administration’s package of petitions is being considered by Nicole Kuenzi, who leads the state water board’s independent Administrative Hearings Office. State officials have argued against some of Kuenzi’s initial rulings, which have included requesting historical data on how much water was previously diverted under the rights, and considering questions such as whether approving the project would be in the public interest.Nemeth issued a statement directed to Kuenzi on March 24, saying the question of whether the use of water is in the public interest does not apply, and would only apply if the petition were for a new water right.“Importantly, the Legislature already has determined that the State Water Project is in the public interest, and Governor Newsom has made clear that this project is of the utmost importance to current and future Californians,” Nemeth wrote. “Unfortunately, the Administrative Hearings Office has conflated the petitions and fundamentally enlarged the scope of this hearing.”Saying that could lead to costly delays, Nemeth urged Kuenzi to “structure a hearing process that results in a final decision by the full State Water Board before late 2026” — shortly before the end of Newsom’s second term.Opponents of the project — including environmental groups, tribes and representatives of several Northern California counties that rely on water from the Delta — responded in a letter urging the board to make clear that political interference won’t sway the outcome.“The Board must insist on its own independence and the independence of its hearing officers,” they wrote. “The loss of this independence, or even the appearance that it is lost, would undermine the credibility of the Board and its mission.”Osha Meserve, a lawyer who signed the letter on behalf of Contra Costa and Solano counties and other local agencies, said the board’s integrity is at stake, as well as public trust and confidence in the process.There are at least seven court cases challenging the project pending in courts or on appeal, and Meserve is involved in most of them. She said building the tunnel “would destroy farms, rural communities and the environment, all at unbelievably expensive cost.”Opponents say the tunnel would threaten native fish species that are already suffering major population declines. They’ve said the state should instead bolster water supplies by upgrading aging levees in the Delta and investing more in recycling wastewater, capturing stormwater locally and making other improvements to use water more efficiently.As part of the campaign against the project, the nonprofit group Restore the Delta last month released the results of a statewide survey of 649 registered voters showing that, when initially asked about the project, 46% said they were in favor and 24% were opposed, with 29% unsure. But after those same people were presented with arguments on both sides of the debate, those opposed increased to 58%, while 34% were in favor and 8% were undecided.The February poll, which reported an error margin of 4 percentage points, also found that 62% said they would prefer investing in “developing local water supplies to ensure California communities are more resilient and better prepared to tackle threats from fires, droughts, and floods.”“The state must abandon this outdated project that they have kept alive for decades,” said Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta. “People reject expensive megaprojects like the Delta tunnel.”However, many leaders of Southern California’s large water agencies have been supporting the project, viewing it as a viable option to improve the reliability of supplies from Northern California.In December, the board of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California voted to spend $141.6 million for a large share of the preliminary planning work. The district, which delivers water for 19 million people, isn’t expected to decide whether to invest in building the tunnel until 2027.Managers of the MWD and other agencies that are members of the State Water Contractors have said they disagree with some of the hearing officer’s recent rulings, which they fear could jeopardize the schedule of hearings in the coming months and lead to costly delays.In a letter to the board, 19 water managers wrote: “For each day of delay in constructing this critical project, the cost of the project increases by over $1 million.”The current hearings aren’t the only related issue before the board. In January, the Newsom administration also filed separate petitions seeking to extend the time of the water rights permits to 2085.Chandra Chilmakuri, the State Water Contractors’ assistant general manager for water policy, said the time extension is a different matter and should be handled separately. If it were considered as part of the current process, he said, that could further delay approval.He said leaders of water agencies hope the board will reach a decision on amending the water rights permits as soon as possible.“It’s very important to keep the schedule,” Chilmakuri said.The state’s plans call for starting construction in late 2029 and completing the tunnel in 2042.

King Charles will have to tone down support for net zero after Badenoch says 2050 is ‘impossible’

Constitutional expert says Tory leader’s break from political consensus over target for greenhouse gasses will require monarch to choose his words carefullyKing Charles will have to temper his public support for net zero after Kemi Badenoch broke the political consensus over the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions.Senior royal sources have conceded that the 76-year-old monarch, who has spent more than half a century highlighting environmental challenges, will have to choose his words more carefully now that the Conservatives under Badenoch have said it will be impossible for the UK to hit net zero by 2050. Continue reading...

King Charles will have to temper his public support for net zero after Kemi Badenoch broke the political consensus over the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions.Senior royal sources have conceded that the 76-year-old monarch, who has spent more than half a century highlighting environmental challenges, will have to choose his words more carefully now that the Conservatives under Badenoch have said it will be impossible for the UK to hit net zero by 2050.“The only way that we can regain it [trust] is to tell the unvarnished truth – net zero by 2050 is impossible,” the Conservative leader said last month.Charles III has spoken publicly about how vital it is to hit net zero by the 2050 target date, set by Theresa May’s government in 2019 and agreed upon by subsequent administrations. Successive prime ministers have used the king’s long track record on campaigning for climate action to help promote Britain’s leadership on combatting the challenges.In December 2023, for example, the king told the Cop28 UN climate change conference in Dubai that more urgent action was needed to bring the world towards a zero-carbon future. “After all, ladies and gentlemen, in 2050 our grandchildren won’t be asking what we said, they will be living with the consequences of what we did or didn’t do,” he said.At that point, the main UK political parties were agreed on the issue. Now the monarch runs the risk of becoming embroiled in a party political dispute. In addition to the change in the Conservative view, Reform wants to scrap net zero completely.Craig Prescott, a constitutional expert at Royal Holloway, University of London, suggested the king must be less specific about his own views on the target. “I think if you take the view that the monarchy has to be ‘two or three steps away’ from party politics then, as party politics changes, the monarchy should change,” he said.Charles, who flies to Italy tomorrow with Queen Camilla for a state visit that lasts until Thursday, will still put tackling the climate crisis and other environmental challenges at the heart of his monarchy.The work to create a more sustainable future will be a feature of the trip. In Rome, the king will join a meeting chaired by the foreign secretary, David Lammy, and attended by business leaders to hear how Britain and Italy are working together on the transition to clean energy. In Ravenna he will meet farmers whose land and crops have been severely affected by devastating floods in the region in the past few years.He and Camilla, who celebrate their 20th wedding anniversary at a state banquet in Rome on Wednesday evening, will visit the Colosseum and celebrate close defence ties between the two countries, in spite of the political differences between Keir Starmer’s Labour party and Italy’s rightwing leader, Giorgia Meloni.The need to avoid involving the king in party political controversy has been highlighted after documents released on Friday revealed that the monarch secretly met Prince Andrew to discuss his future and was twice briefed about plans for him to be involved in a £2.4bn investment fund run by an alleged Chinese spy, Yang Tengbo. Buckingham Palace insisted Yang, since banned from Britain despite protesting his innocence, was not specifically mentioned.Prince William is likely to attend the Cop30 UN climate conference in Belém, Brazil, in November and may also be more guarded than before about his views on achieving net zero, although royals may still be expected to reflect on government policy on the international stage.Any silencing of the monarch and his heir threatens to weaken Britain’s voice abroad, according to some environmental groups. Shaun Spiers, executive director of the environmental thinktank Green Alliance, said Charles might be unable to speak out specifically on the 2050 target but could talk generally about the need for climate action. “The king is a well-respected leader and it would be a shame if he didn’t speak on it, particularly internationally,” he said.Reshima Sharma, deputy head of politics at Greenpeace UK, pointed to popular support for green policies. “King Charles has long been an important advocate for action to clean up our environment and tackle climate change. While the monarchy must remain politically neutral, thankfully climate action continues to receive the kind of popular support that politicians can only dream of. This is reflected across voters of all stripes,” she said.Buckingham Palace declined to comment.

Experts Warn Bird Flu Could Pose Growing Risk to Human Health

By I. Edwards HealthDay ReporterSATURDAY, April 5, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- Bird flu is changing fast and could become more dangerous to humans,...

SATURDAY, April 5, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- Bird flu is changing fast and could become more dangerous to humans, new research from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte suggests.A team of scientists found that the H5N1 virus, also known as bird flu, is becoming more adept at infecting mammals.That includes cows and, to date, at least 64 people, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As the virus keeps changing, experts worry it could spread more easily to humans.“An H5N1 vaccine made (for an earlier strain) will have less efficacy,” said lead author Colby Ford in a news release. He's a visiting scholar at UNC Charlotte's Center for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks (CIPHER).Co-author Dan Janies, CIPHER co-director, said large amounts of data can be quickly analyzed using artficial intelligence "to assess our preparedness for important problems such as H5N1, which is spreading rapidly to new hosts and regions including American cattle and farmworkers.” The team found that newer strains of the virus are getting better at avoiding the immune system, which could make past infections or vaccines less protective.Bird flu is already considered a pandemic among animals. It has infected hundreds of bird species and small mammals. Now, it’s showing up in larger mammals like cattle. That shift makes it more likely the virus could spread to people, the scientists say.The study was recently published in the journal eBioMedicine. Another paper, still undergoing peer-review, shows that a key gene in the virus has changed. This gene helps the virus get inside mammal cells and dodge immune defenses.Speed is key when studying fast-changing viruses.“In this study, our aim is to be more forward-looking to predict the potential health impacts of H5N1 influenza before a major event catches us off guard,” Janies said.Using tools built during the pandemic, the team studied more than 1,800 virus-antibody interactions. They focused on H5N1's hemagglutinin (HA) proteins -- the part of the virus that helps it enter cells. Their findings show the virus is spreading quickly to dodge immune responses.“High-performance computational modeling is a pathway for chipping away at multiple angles of biological variation at speed and scale,” Janies concluded. “It helps us tune our intuition to the right approaches for vaccine efficacy and infection control as viruses evolve.”SOURCE: University of North Carolina at Charlotte, news release, March 25, 2025Copyright © 2025 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

As federal environmental priorities shift, sovereign Native American nations have their own plans

As sovereign nations, Native Americans have been able to protect land, water and air, including well beyond their own boundaries. Now the Trump administration is seeking to eliminate programs aimed at improving the environments in which marginalized people live and work.

Alyssa Kreikemeier, University of Idaho(THE CONVERSATION) Long before the large-scale Earth Day protests on April 22, 1970 – often credited with spurring significant environmental protection legislation – Native Americans stewarded the environment. As sovereign nations, Native Americans have been able to protect land, water and air, including well beyond their own boundaries.Their actions laid the groundwork for modern federal law and policy, including national legislation aimed at reducing pollution. Now the Trump administration is seeking to weaken some of those limits and eliminate programs aimed at improving the environments in which marginalized people live and work.As an environmental historian, I study how Native Americans have shaped environmental management. Tribal nations are the longest stewards of the lands today known as the United States. My work indicates not only that tribal nations contributed to the origins and evolution of modern environmental management on tribal and nontribal lands, but also that they are well poised to continue environmental management and scientific research regardless of U.S. government actions.Environmental sovereigntyNative peoples stewarded and studied their environments for millennia before European colonization. Today, Native nations continue to use science, technology and Indigenous knowledge to benefit their own people and the broader population.Their stewardship continues despite repeated and ongoing efforts to dispossess Native peoples. In 1953, Congress reversed centuries of federally recognizing tribal authority, passing a law that terminated tribal nations’ legal and political status and federal obligations under treaties and legal precedents, including requirements to provide education and health care.This termination policy subjected tribal nations and reservation lands to state jurisdiction and relocated at least 200,000 Native people from tribal lands to urban centers.A groundswell of Native American resistance captured national attention, including protests and tactics such as “fish-ins,” which involved fishing at traditional grounds guaranteed by treaties but not honored by land use at the time. Their efforts led federal courts to affirm the very rights termination had sought to expunge.Native nations regained federally recognized rights and political power at the same time as the national environmental awakening. In fact, tribal nations exercised environmental sovereignty in ways that restored federal recognition and influenced broader U.S. environmental law and policy.Air qualityIn the 1960s, air pollution in America posed a serious health threat, with smog killing Americans on occasion and harming their long-term health. Under the 1970 Clean Air Act amendments, the federal government set national standards for air quality and penalties for polluters.As early as 1974, the Northern Cheyenne Tribe in southeastern Montana began monitoring its own air quality. Finding that its air was substantially cleaner than other areas of the country, the tribe used a new approach to push the Environmental Protection Agency to approve enhanced protections beyond the minimum federal standards. The Northern Cheyenne wanted to prevent polluting industries from moving into locations with cleaner air that could be polluted without exceeding the federal limits. That protection was codified in the 1977 Clean Air Act amendments, which established legal protections and a process for communities to claim greater pollution protections nationwide.In 1978, the Northern Cheyenne used their higher standards to limit pollution sources on private land upwind of tribal lands, temporarily blocking the construction of two additional coal-fired power plants.Within a decade, the Assiniboine and Sioux nations at Fort Peck and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes also claimed enhanced air protection and developed air quality monitoring programs even before most state governments did. Dozens of tribal nations have taken control of their air quality in the years since.WaterwaysNative nations also exercise sovereignty over waterways. In the Pacific Northwest, people whose ancestors have lived in the area for at least 16,000 years have moved to protect themselves and their lands from the effects of massive hydropower projects.The Columbia River Basin hydropower project, which began in the 1930s, now includes over 250 dams that together generate nearly half of the United States’ hydropower. Its dams and associated development stretch from the Canadian Rockies to Southern California, with effects crossing dozens of Native nations as well as international and state boundaries. The construction of the dams inundated multiple tribal nations’ lands and displaced thousands of Native people.When four dams were built on the lower Snake River in Idaho in the 1960s, they inundated ancestral lands and fishing grounds of Columbia River Native Americans, including the Nez Perce Tribe. The dams decimated fish populations many tribes have long relied upon for both sustenance and cultural practices and destroyed ancient and culturally significant fishing sites, including Celilo Falls near The Dalles, Oregon, which had been fished for at least 10,000 years.Nez Perce scientists and environmental managers, working alongside other Northwest tribes, have documented the near extinction of numerous species of salmon and steelhead fish, despite federal, state and tribal agencies investing billions of dollars in hatchery programs to boost fish populations. The Nez Perce Department of Fisheries Resources Management protects and restores aquatic ecosystems. In collaboration with nearby communities, the tribe also restores significant areas of habitat on nontribal lands. That includes decommissioning many miles of logging roads, removing mine tailings and sowing tens of thousands of native plants.The Nez Perce and other tribes advocate for the removal of those four dams to restore salmon populations. They cite, among other evidence, a 2002 Army Corps of Engineers study that found removal was the most effective way to meet the Endangered Species Act’s requirements to restore decimated fish populations.Taking a long viewNative Americans and tribal nations see environmental sovereignty as essential to their past, present and future.In 2015, the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes became the first Native nation to take over a federal dam when they purchased the Selis Ksanka Qlispe dam, operating on the Flathead River in Montana. Managed by a tribal corporation, the dam produces enough hydropower to supply 100,000 homes, bringing millions of dollars to tribal coffers rather than enriching a corporation in Pennsylvania.Over the decades, Native nations have partnered with federal agencies and used federal laws and funds to manage their environments. They have also built connections between tribes and nations across the continent.For instance, the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission coordinates and assists Columbia Basin tribes with environmental management and fishing rights. In northern New Mexico, the Indigenous women of Tewa Women United work against the legacy and ongoing effects of nuclear research affecting their homelands and communities from Los Alamos National Laboratory.Across the U.S., the Indian Land Tenure Foundation works with Native peoples to secure control of their homelands through land return and legal reforms, while Honor the Earth organizes Indigenous peoples in North America and globally to advance social change rooted in Indigenous sovereignty through treaty organizing and advocacy.Tribal governments have been hit hard by the shifts in federal priorities, including Trump administration funding cuts that have slowed scientific research, such as environmental monitoring and management on tribal lands.Tribal governance takes a long view based in Native peoples’ deep history with these lands. And their legal and political status as sovereign nations – backed by the U.S. Constitution, treaties, more than 120 Supreme Court rulings and the plain text of federal laws – puts Native nations in a strong position to continue their efforts, no matter which ways the federal winds blow.—This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article here: https://theconversation.com/as-federal-environmental-priorities-shift-sovereign-native-american-nations-have-their-own-plans-251685.(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.)

Best strategies to fight aging’s effects on brain? Does Wordle really help?

What are the effects of sleep habits? Diet? Alcohol consumption? Research has some answers.

Will playing Wordle regularly fend off Alzheimer’s? Will the fish oil you take daily keep your memory sharp?Many people think it’s worth trying anything to help with brain health. After all, the forecast is worrisome: The number of people living with dementia, including Alzheimer’s, is expected almost to double every 20 years.Researchers are studying ways to stop cognitive decline, which is known as memory slide. They are looking at what people eat, how they live, and who they spend their time with to learn what can affect brain health.“There are so many strategies that have been of interest in the last five to 10 years,” said Dr. Daniel Vela, neuro-interventional surgeon for St. Mary’s Hospital with Palm Beach Health Network.Not all the strategies pan out. Some, though, do seem to be of valueSleep makes a differenceResearchers agree that sleep allows the brain to rest, repair itself, and remove all the toxins that can accumulate during the day.Vela recommends keeping a regular sleep schedule as much as possible by going to bed and waking up the same time each day. To help with better sleep quality, he advises getting morning sunlight.“This exposure in the early mornings to sunlight is a regulator of your sleep cycle,” he said. Aim to get at least 15-30 minutes of natural light exposure as soon as possible after waking up.Dr. Nicole L. Baganz, assistant director of FAU Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, said while guidelines say you should aim for eight hours of sleep a night, for some people six hours is good enough. “It’s individualized how much sleep is necessary, but lots of studies confirm the powerful effects of sleep on brain health.”How diet affects brain healthEverything you put in your mouth affects your brain health, particularly if your diet triggers high cholesterol or diabetes.“Diet management is important,” Vela said. “You need to keep your arteries clean, especially the arteries of the brain, which is what we end operating on in certain people who have experienced repetitive brain bleeds or brain attacks like stroke.” Vela said that as people age, they accumulate cholesterol in their arteries, affecting blood flow to the brain. He advises a low-cholesterol diet to ward off this accumulation.Vela says reducing your sugar intake also can help keep your brain sharp. Research has uncovered a potential link between consuming excessive sugar and an increased risk of dementia. “Part of our diet is not only to consume antioxidants, nutrients, magnesium, and healthy fats, but the most important strategy to maintain cognition and brain health is to stay away from added sugar.”Dr. Andrew Newberg, a neuroscientist and MRI director at Florida Atlantic University’s Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, has studied nutrition and brain health and recommends eating more plant-based foods. “Make sure you get your vegetables, fruits, and nuts with good oils, and try to avoid processed foods,” he says. That type of diet, he says, reduces inflammation that could negatively impact brain health.Get your vitamins and mineralsCertain vitamins and minerals are commonly touted as prevention for memory decline. Magnesium, for example, protects brain cells from damage caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxins. A study published in the European Journal of Nutrition in March 2023 found eating more magnesium-rich foods lowers the risk of dementia — especially in women.Omega-3 fatty acids may also be beneficial. A study by the University of Texas Health Science Center found that eating cold-water fish and other sources of omega-3 fatty acids may enhance cognition in middle age. The researchers found consuming more omega-3s was associated with better abstract reasoning, or the ability to understand complex concepts using logical thinking.Baganz said getting nutrients from a balanced diet is more effective than supplements.Games and puzzles can helpDoing Worldle, a daily crossword puzzle, or any game that requires problem-solving, strategic thinking, and quick decision-making can stimulate and challenge key brain regions. However, why they may slow decline, scientific evidence that games improve brain health is limited.Experts say games serve a purpose but advise mixing up the brain-stimulating activities.“Reading, learning new things, talking to people, just engaging the brain in many different ways is good for your brain,” Newberg said. “The more you do different things, the better off you’ll be in terms of your cognitive reserve and putting off the effects of aging.”Social activity is crucial“Loneliness is one of worst things that can happen to the brain,” says Baganz at FAU. “Social connection is important for mental health and reduces cognitive decline. Positive emotion such as compassion and appreciation is strongly linked to brain health and mental health.”Baganz recommends volunteering in the community and reengaging in activities you once found challenging, or even learning a new language — anything that engages the brain and exposes you to social interaction.Exercise may have the biggest effectResearch shows the parts of the brain that control thinking and memory are larger in volume in people who exercise than in people who don’t.Baganz says any type of exercise, including walking, chair yoga, or strength training, will help. “Exercising produces chemicals that can promote brain health,” she says. “Try to get some sort of aerobic exercise regularly, even just a brisk walk.”Be patient, though. Several studies have shown that it takes about six months to start reaping the cognitive benefits of exercise.Mental well-beingNewberg at FAU has studied spirituality and its link to brain health. He found meditation and prayer help stave off memory decline. “These practices alter the way the brain works,” he explains. “They help the brain regulate itself and help with cognition as well as lowering stress, anxiety and depression.”Some of the myths about brain health make researchers like Newberg eager to set people straight.Genetics determine your futureBrain health as you age is a complex interplay between genetic predisposition, and environmental and lifestyle factors. Experts have determined that about 40% of dementia cases could be delayed by treatable mid-life factors.Treating hearing loss, hypertension, diabetes and obesity can lower your risk.Alcohol kills brain cellsModerate alcohol use doesn’t kill brain cells. Alcohol can affect brain structure, function, and overall health, but it doesn’t directly cause the death of brain cells.Video games rot your brainVideo games’ effect on children remain unclear, but for adults, the benefit to brain health varies depending on the type of game. Experts say games that connect people around the world and those that require you to switch between tasks have the most benefit.©2025 South Florida Sun Sentinel. Visit at sun-sentinel.com. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

Poor air quality increases depression risk

A new study finds poor air quality is linked to a heightened risk for depression. Depression is a classified as a mood disorder.

A new study indicates that long-term exposure to air pollutants could directly correlate to an increased risk for depression. The study published in Environmental Science and Ecotechnology and conducted by Harbin Medical University and Cranfield University examined the link to depressive symptoms in a Chinese adult population and six common air pollutants over 7 years. Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was the primary pollutant linked to an increased risk of depression, and carbon monoxide (CO) and fine particular matter The findings point to sulfur dioxide as the most influential pollutant associated with increased depression risk. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide also contributed to a heightened risk for mental health illness, according to the research. When an individual is exposed to a combination of pollutants, the possibility for depression is heightened. According to the authors of the study, "Essentially, air pollutants could affect the central nervous system through oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, potentially via systemic circulation, the trigeminal nerve, or olfactory receptor neurons." "Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the precise processes that link air pollution exposure to mental health outcomes," the study reads. Depression is a mood disorder that causes consistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest. It is also referred to as clinical depression. Symptoms of depression could be anxiety, sleeplessness, fatigue, irritability, loss of pleasure in activities, among others, according to the Mayo Clinic. If an individual should experience any symptoms of depression that should consult a medical professional.

Singer Rara Sekar Draws Inspiration From Nature, Encourages People to Return to Simple Living

Rara Sekar, an Indonesian singer, draws inspiration from nature as she encourages people to return to simple living as a way to combat climate change

OXFORD, England (AP) — Rara Sekar closed her eyes in meditation after performing a song that speaks of rays of light that cut through the fog as one political prisoner faced death more than six decades ago.The song, which recalls a period of political turmoil in Indonesia, has become a symbol for the singer who has focused on encouraging people to be creative in responding to the climate crisis in Indonesia, her homeland. The prisoner’s song is “very healing," Sekar told The Associated Press after performing Thursday at the Skoll World Forum, an annual event focused on ideas for change on issues ranging from climate change to health and human rights. "When I find myself hopeless doing climate activism, or other activism, I sing it.” Sekar’s campaign for a healthy environment in Indonesia focuses on a return to “low-waste life,” which includes foraging in the forest for wild food and communal potlucks. Between 2022 and 2023, she organized bicycle rides on the island of Java, where erosion and flooding have engulfed homes, that she said were meant to show locals the joys of communing with nature.“I try to give back to nature in everything I do,” she said. “Not just about the songs I write but also how I live.”A vast tropical archipelago stretching across the equator, Indonesia is home to the world’s third-largest rainforest, with a variety of wildlife and plants, including orangutans and elephants. But environmental degradation is widespread, and the nation has faced extreme weather events in recent years that range from flooding to landslides.Indonesia is consistently ranked as one of the largest global emitters of plant-warming greenhouse gases, stemming from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, along with deforestation and fires of wetland ecosystems called peatlands. Since 1950, more than 74 million hectares (285,715 square miles) of Indonesian rainforest — an area twice the size of Germany — have been logged, burned or degraded for development of palm oil, paper and rubber plantations, mining and other commodities, according to Global Forest Watch.Sekar performed “Kabut Putih” at Skoll, which takes place in Oxford, England. She sang as part of the Found Sound Nation, a New York-based group that works to engage communities through music. “Kabut Putih” — or “White Fog” — was written in 1971 by Zubaidah Nuntjik, an Indonesian woman who is believed to have died after being freed from the prison camp where she and many others had been detained. Sekar released a recording of the song in 2024, working with a group that includes families of victims and survivors of the 1965 mass killings that targeted suspected members of the Communist Party of Indonesia. Sekar, who also performs under the name hara, said the song's spirit “gave me strength just to be hopeful” as a climate campaigner.“Most of my songs are inspired by nature,” she said. “I guess I try to incorporate ways of educating people about climate, the climate crisis, through my tour.”The Associated Press’ climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.Photos You Should See - Feb. 2025

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