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The most innovative companies in manufacturing for 2025

Advances in manufacturing (faster, cheaper, smarter) don’t always result from one big technological breakthrough: Much of the work of innovation involves building on what people have accomplished before.By taking advantage of improvements in sensing hardware and software analytics capabilities, Blackline has built a better toolkit for detecting hazardous gases in industrial workplaces. In much the same way, Kraft Heinz has enlisted machine-vision systems and digital-twin modeling to improve quality and throughput in its vegetable-ingredient supply chain.Stratasys and Ursa Major, meanwhile, have leveraged advances in additive manufacturing to make 3D printing scale up to such high-performance missions as building rocket engines and other spacecraft components—both areas in which they have to square up against incumbents that have had lengthy head starts.Building an online-marketplace platform with software and services isn’t new, but Gelato and Keychain have taken that concept to the businesses of on-demand printing and consumer packaged goods. In each of those markets, suppliers face the problem of being relatively invisible to potential customers, and the platforms these two startups have launched can help remedy that imbalance. Of course, some innovation has to come in-house. Both P2 Science and HT Materials Science have drawn on their own inventions in chemistry to create cleaner and greener cosmetics and to make heating and air-conditioning systems more efficient and less thirsty for water. And since HT counts factories among its clients, future occupants of this list may rank among the beneficiaries of its work.1. Dirtt Environmental SolutionsFor customizing offsite modular constructionBased in Alberta, Canada, Dirtt Environmental Solutions creates custom interiors for commercial facilities in various sectors. Dirtt has introduced innovative smart-manufacturing processes and project-management tools that set new standards for the offsite modular-construction industry. Working with design firm Gensler, the company delivered a flexible workspace for Google’s new 1-million-square-foot headquarters in New York City, which opened in February 2024. The design allows teams to customize their own office area, easily transforming a large conference room into multiple smaller offices, for example. In November, Dirtt introduced COVE (Clinical Observation Vertical Exam). Designed for the healthcare industry, the prefabricated treatment area is half the size of a traditional examination room, increasing the number of nonemergency patients who can be examined. This past year Dirtt also released a dozen significant upgrades to its ever-evolving core platform, ICE, which enables clients, architects, designers, and contractors a cloud-based view of projects to collaborate and make changes in real time. One of the upgrades is Material Tracking and Optimization, which can identify when leftover material can be used elsewhere in a project, leading to a 4% yield improvement in materials reuse so far. Dirtt saw profitability increase more than 37% year-over-year through the first three quarters of 2024.2. P2 ScienceFor making cosmetic ingredients more beautifulThe cosmetics industry can look ugly in its reliance on fossil-fuel by-products and other unsustainable ingredients, but P2 Science, a green chemistry company, is working to give it more than a glow-up with a line of plant-centered ingredients. In September 2024, P2 launched two new liquid polymers, Citropol DE-4 and Citropol V6, which are derived from upcycled forest terpenes (translation: natural by-products of pulp and paper manufacturing). Citropol DE-4 creates rich textures for use in skincare and haircare products, replacing less-sustainable petrochemical compounds or oils derived from coconuts or palm leaves. Citropol V6 enhances product “spreadability” with a nongreasy feel and replaces the synthetic compound cyclomethicone, which some studies have linked to reproductive problems. The company’s custom-designed PICE (Process Intensified Continuous Etherification) bioreactor production line at its manufacturing site in Connecticut runs on 100% renewable energy, and P2 says it can double output in 12 weeks at moderate costs when necessary. P2 projects that it will see 175% revenue growth in 2024 compared to 2023. and as of September 2024, counts more than 100 launches of products with P2 components from 90 brands (including Living Proof, BASF, and Chanel) in 25 countries.3. KeychainFor harnessing AI to help CPG brands find the right manufacturing partnersFor consumer packaged goods companies, the road from new product idea to store shelf is torturous. The process traditionally has taken anywhere from a few months (for an extension of an established product) to a few years (for entirely new products that may require special manufacturing equipment.) At a time when socially amplified consumer trends are shifty and supply chains sometimes dicey, Keychain expedites the product-development process with a comprehensive database of 24,000-plus vetted manufacturing partners across 40 product categories. Brands can quickly identify qualified manufacturers capable of complying with increasingly complex food rules, such as zero-gluten requirements, limits on sugar or other ingredients, or allergen-free production. The unique AI-powered platform provides real-time insights on production availability, schedules, and costs. Founded in August 2023, Keychain launched in February 2024 and has been adopted by such notable brands as Cadbury, Hersey’s, Utz, and Dr. Pepper. The service is free for brands and retailers; manufacturers can also have a free basic profile but pay Keychain an annual subscription that ranges from $5,000 to $100,000 for a more robust presence on the platform. In November 2024, Keychain announced that brands had submitted more than $200 million worth of projects to the platform in the previous month. That same month, the company closed a $15 million round of financing with investors that included General Mills and Schreiber Foods.4. Blackline SafetyFor protecting industrial workers from hazardous gasesAccording to the AFL-CIO, hazardous workplaces kill or disable 125,000 American workers every year. Hazardous gases pose a significant source of danger in many industries, especially oil and gas, manufacturing, and construction. Blackline makes fixed and portable devices that provide on-the-spot, real-time measurements of hazardous gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ammonia in industrial and other workplaces. In September 2024, Blackline released its EXO 8 monitor, a rugged 27-pound device about the size of a cinderblock that can be mounted on a tripod or even set on the ground to monitor air quality with an automated setup process that doesn’t require human-tended calibration. It features real-time cloud connectivity via 4G or 5G wireless as well as the option of satellite uplink through an add-on module. The device can be loaded with sensors for eight different hazardous gases and features a gamma-radiation sensor that offers three times the range of competing devices. Blackline says it has 2,200 customers across 75 countries—with a “net dollar retention” of 128%, meaning these customers are spending more than their initial outlay to expand their use of Blackline’s offerings. The company has achieved 30 consecutive quarters of year-over-year revenue growth, and in September it was named by the Globe and Mail as one of Canada’s top growth companies for the sixth consecutive year.5. HT Materials ScienceFor identifying an additive that makes HVAC systems more efficientThe digital revolution giveth, and the digital revolution taketh away: On the one hand, smart technologies are improving energy efficiency; on the other, data centers and crypto-mining operations and fulfillment operations consume a massive and growing amount of energy that’s expected to double by 2030. About 40% of that consumption is attributable to energy required to keep operations cool. Dublin-based startup HT Materials Science doesn’t make heating/ventilation/air-conditioning systems, but it does make the HVAC hardware already installed at commercial and industrial sites significantly more efficient. The company accomplishes this with its proprietary drop-in additive called Maxwell, which suspends microscopic particles of aluminum oxide in water or a mixture of water and glycol to improve heat transfer. Adding just a tiny bit to an HVAC system’s water or water-glycol mix helps juice efficiency by up to 20%. HTMS has strategic partnerships with a number of prominent companies, including Regeneron, Johnson & Johnson, and Saudi Aramco, and in May 2024 it was accepted into Amazon’s Sustainability Accelerator to deploy Maxwell at a trio of fulfillment centers in the U.K. With support of the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova, the company is also developing a data-center coolant based on graphene to increase efficiency in those power-hungry, heat-intensive facilities.6. StratasysFor speeding up 3D printingMinnesota-based Stratasys has been a key player in the additive manufacturing industry for decades, and its origins can be traced to a frog. In 1988, Scott Crump created a toy frog for his daughter using a glue gun with a mixture of polyethylene and candle wax. It’s unclear how much the frog inspired the little girl, but the process inspired Crump to devise the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology that would later revolutionize 3D printing. Crump and his wife founded Stratasys in 1989 to commercialize FDM and grew the company into a leader in the polymer 3D printing market. Near the end of 2023, Stratasys introduced the F3300 FDM 3D Printer, capable of printing up to twice as fast as previous printers while reducing materials and labor costs by about 45%. It has since been adopted by Toyota, BAE, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of Defense. In 2024, the company add the Origin Two printer, optimized for short-run production, and launched a project with Northrop Grumman to test 3D printing on the moon. And in March 2024, Stratasys also established a first-of-its-kind Industrial Customer Advisory Board, whose 12 members include Boeing, Toyota, and TE Connectivity, to guide its development of additive manufacturing technologies in such areas as sustainability, quality and reliability, and data characterization. The company has obstacles to overcome—its third-quarter earnings saw narrowing losses but also news of a 15% reduction in employees—but the company looks well positioned to capitalize on growing adoption of additive manufacturing across numerous industries.7. Kraft HeinzFor redefining the food industry supply chain to reduce waste and forecast demandCompanies don’t thrive for more than a century without evolving with technology. Henry James Heinz founded his “catsup” company in 1876; the J.L. Kraft and Bros Company began selling cheese door-to-door in Chicago in 1909. After the two giants merged in 2015, Kraft Heinz began automating its supply-chain management system. Those enhancements helped Kraft Heinz weather COVID-19 supply chain chaos, but the pandemic revealed the risks that upstream disruptions continue to pose for procurement of ingredients and packaging materials. Since 2022, Kraft Heinz has been working to put software smarts to work across its food supply chain through a variety of initiatives: Lighthouse, a software stack to eyeball supply-chain metrics; Connected Worker, a digital platform to process and integrate insights from the company’s factories; and Digital Twin, software to model production processes in real time to watch for efficiency shortfalls and find opportunities for improvement. The combination of these projects has yielded impressive results, Kraft Heinz says: a 40% reduction in supply-chain waste (8.5% in 2024 alone), a 20% increase in sales-forecast accuracy coupled with a 35% increase in inventory-forecast accuracy, and a 6% product-yield improvement across North American factories. In 2024, the company added an AI-powered computer vision system to assess ingredient quality, which has already yielded a 12% increase in the efficiency of inspecting cucumbers on their way to pickling. Combined with other operational improvements, Kraft Heinz says this work has yielded more than $1.1 billion in gross efficiencies from 2023 through the third quarter of 2024.8. PellaFor inventing a safer way to install windowsPella has been making windows and doors for 99 years, but it wasn’t until 2024 that the privately held company pivoted to a new way to build windows and have them attached. Its Steady Set windows are built to be installed from the inside of a structure rather than the outside. That was something that 85% of window installers said they wanted, Pella representatives realized from going to job sites to watch and learn. The obvious upside for construction crews is that they can fit a window while standing on a floor indoors instead of on a ladder outdoors—Pella reports that crews installing Steady Set windows have 74% less ladder work and spend up to 72% less time outdoors. But Steady Set windows can also be installed more than three times faster than traditional outside-fit windows. And many windows are small enough that a single worker can put it into place, rather than the two workers typically required. Steady Set won a Best of IBS prize at the 2024 International Builders’ Show, and since its debut there last February, the company reports that 15% of new-construction wood window projects have now adopted Steady Set. The company estimates 2024 revenue to reach $2.2 billion, a 10% jump from 2023, and Pella’s workforce has shown year-over-year growth of 6%.9. Ursa Major TechnologiesFor building rocket engines via additive manufacturingUrsa Major is targeting a simple problem: Rockets take much longer to build than they do to fly, especially when military applications are involved and conflict demands the rapid expenditure of missiles. To speed up manufacturing times, the company is leveraging additive-manufacturing techniques. Its Lynx production system allows quick 3D printing of parts for the solid rocket motors used in such munitions as anti-tank weapons—and also enables swift shifts from building one type of solid rocket motor (SRM) to another. Lynx can churn out parts fast enough to restore U.S. defense stocks that have been drawn down by aid deliveries to Ukraine; for example, one Lynx cell can print 1,600 solid-rocket motor casings for anti-tank weapons a year, more than three-quarters of the DOD’s surge-production rate for the Javelin anti-tank missile.The U.S. Navy was impressed enough to sign a $12.5 million contract with Ursa Major in September 2024 to develop three SRM prototypes and then further develop Lynx. And 2024 also saw Ursa Major’s liquid-fueled rocket efforts notch notable achievements: Its Hadley engine, built for hypersonic applications, had its first flight on Stratolaunch’s Talon TA-1 vehicle, and its Draper engine had its first ground-based “hot fire” test less than 12 months after the start of that project.10. GelatoFor facilitating customized ecommerce for online creatorsThe creator economy has grown into a $250 billion global industry that could exceed half a trillion dollars by 2027. Once associated mainly with content creators, the sector has expanded to include artisans and micro-businesses that produce physical objects for sale. But very often these online businesses cater to far-flung audiences that may not be located anywhere near printing services that can fulfill the custom orders that drive this part of the economy. Gelato has built the world’s largest network—spanning 32 countries—for local production and distribution of customized products. In March 2024, the Oslo-based company introduced GelatoConnect, an enterprise software platform that helps digital printers capitalize on the burgeoning creator market while simultaneously expanding access to printing for creators. It streamlines workflows for printers by automating the production process while integrating procurement, production, and logistics into a single platform. A study by McKinsey supported Gelato’s claims that the platform will typically increase profit margins for printers by 3% to 7%—some companies that have adopted GelatoConnect cite efficiency gains of up to 25%. In the third quarter of 2024, seven major U.S.-based digital printers (the Anstadt Company, Bennett Graphics, CBiPrint, DPI Direct, GSB Digital, Hudson Printing Company, and Quantum Group) deployed the platform. To date, the private company has raised more than $284 million from a number for venture groups, including DN Capital, Goldman Sachs, and Insight Partners.Explore the full 2025 list of Fast Company’s Most Innovative Companies, 609 organizations that are reshaping industries and culture. We’ve selected the companies making the biggest impact across 58 categories, including advertising, applied AI, biotech, retail, sustainability, and more.

Advances in manufacturing (faster, cheaper, smarter) don’t always result from one big technological breakthrough: Much of the work of innovation involves building on what people have accomplished before.By taking advantage of improvements in sensing hardware and software analytics capabilities, Blackline has built a better toolkit for detecting hazardous gases in industrial workplaces. In much the same way, Kraft Heinz has enlisted machine-vision systems and digital-twin modeling to improve quality and throughput in its vegetable-ingredient supply chain.Stratasys and Ursa Major, meanwhile, have leveraged advances in additive manufacturing to make 3D printing scale up to such high-performance missions as building rocket engines and other spacecraft components—both areas in which they have to square up against incumbents that have had lengthy head starts.Building an online-marketplace platform with software and services isn’t new, but Gelato and Keychain have taken that concept to the businesses of on-demand printing and consumer packaged goods. In each of those markets, suppliers face the problem of being relatively invisible to potential customers, and the platforms these two startups have launched can help remedy that imbalance. Of course, some innovation has to come in-house. Both P2 Science and HT Materials Science have drawn on their own inventions in chemistry to create cleaner and greener cosmetics and to make heating and air-conditioning systems more efficient and less thirsty for water. And since HT counts factories among its clients, future occupants of this list may rank among the beneficiaries of its work.1. Dirtt Environmental SolutionsFor customizing offsite modular constructionBased in Alberta, Canada, Dirtt Environmental Solutions creates custom interiors for commercial facilities in various sectors. Dirtt has introduced innovative smart-manufacturing processes and project-management tools that set new standards for the offsite modular-construction industry. Working with design firm Gensler, the company delivered a flexible workspace for Google’s new 1-million-square-foot headquarters in New York City, which opened in February 2024. The design allows teams to customize their own office area, easily transforming a large conference room into multiple smaller offices, for example. In November, Dirtt introduced COVE (Clinical Observation Vertical Exam). Designed for the healthcare industry, the prefabricated treatment area is half the size of a traditional examination room, increasing the number of nonemergency patients who can be examined. This past year Dirtt also released a dozen significant upgrades to its ever-evolving core platform, ICE, which enables clients, architects, designers, and contractors a cloud-based view of projects to collaborate and make changes in real time. One of the upgrades is Material Tracking and Optimization, which can identify when leftover material can be used elsewhere in a project, leading to a 4% yield improvement in materials reuse so far. Dirtt saw profitability increase more than 37% year-over-year through the first three quarters of 2024.2. P2 ScienceFor making cosmetic ingredients more beautifulThe cosmetics industry can look ugly in its reliance on fossil-fuel by-products and other unsustainable ingredients, but P2 Science, a green chemistry company, is working to give it more than a glow-up with a line of plant-centered ingredients. In September 2024, P2 launched two new liquid polymers, Citropol DE-4 and Citropol V6, which are derived from upcycled forest terpenes (translation: natural by-products of pulp and paper manufacturing). Citropol DE-4 creates rich textures for use in skincare and haircare products, replacing less-sustainable petrochemical compounds or oils derived from coconuts or palm leaves. Citropol V6 enhances product “spreadability” with a nongreasy feel and replaces the synthetic compound cyclomethicone, which some studies have linked to reproductive problems. The company’s custom-designed PICE (Process Intensified Continuous Etherification) bioreactor production line at its manufacturing site in Connecticut runs on 100% renewable energy, and P2 says it can double output in 12 weeks at moderate costs when necessary. P2 projects that it will see 175% revenue growth in 2024 compared to 2023. and as of September 2024, counts more than 100 launches of products with P2 components from 90 brands (including Living Proof, BASF, and Chanel) in 25 countries.3. KeychainFor harnessing AI to help CPG brands find the right manufacturing partnersFor consumer packaged goods companies, the road from new product idea to store shelf is torturous. The process traditionally has taken anywhere from a few months (for an extension of an established product) to a few years (for entirely new products that may require special manufacturing equipment.) At a time when socially amplified consumer trends are shifty and supply chains sometimes dicey, Keychain expedites the product-development process with a comprehensive database of 24,000-plus vetted manufacturing partners across 40 product categories. Brands can quickly identify qualified manufacturers capable of complying with increasingly complex food rules, such as zero-gluten requirements, limits on sugar or other ingredients, or allergen-free production. The unique AI-powered platform provides real-time insights on production availability, schedules, and costs. Founded in August 2023, Keychain launched in February 2024 and has been adopted by such notable brands as Cadbury, Hersey’s, Utz, and Dr. Pepper. The service is free for brands and retailers; manufacturers can also have a free basic profile but pay Keychain an annual subscription that ranges from $5,000 to $100,000 for a more robust presence on the platform. In November 2024, Keychain announced that brands had submitted more than $200 million worth of projects to the platform in the previous month. That same month, the company closed a $15 million round of financing with investors that included General Mills and Schreiber Foods.4. Blackline SafetyFor protecting industrial workers from hazardous gasesAccording to the AFL-CIO, hazardous workplaces kill or disable 125,000 American workers every year. Hazardous gases pose a significant source of danger in many industries, especially oil and gas, manufacturing, and construction. Blackline makes fixed and portable devices that provide on-the-spot, real-time measurements of hazardous gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ammonia in industrial and other workplaces. In September 2024, Blackline released its EXO 8 monitor, a rugged 27-pound device about the size of a cinderblock that can be mounted on a tripod or even set on the ground to monitor air quality with an automated setup process that doesn’t require human-tended calibration. It features real-time cloud connectivity via 4G or 5G wireless as well as the option of satellite uplink through an add-on module. The device can be loaded with sensors for eight different hazardous gases and features a gamma-radiation sensor that offers three times the range of competing devices. Blackline says it has 2,200 customers across 75 countries—with a “net dollar retention” of 128%, meaning these customers are spending more than their initial outlay to expand their use of Blackline’s offerings. The company has achieved 30 consecutive quarters of year-over-year revenue growth, and in September it was named by the Globe and Mail as one of Canada’s top growth companies for the sixth consecutive year.5. HT Materials ScienceFor identifying an additive that makes HVAC systems more efficientThe digital revolution giveth, and the digital revolution taketh away: On the one hand, smart technologies are improving energy efficiency; on the other, data centers and crypto-mining operations and fulfillment operations consume a massive and growing amount of energy that’s expected to double by 2030. About 40% of that consumption is attributable to energy required to keep operations cool. Dublin-based startup HT Materials Science doesn’t make heating/ventilation/air-conditioning systems, but it does make the HVAC hardware already installed at commercial and industrial sites significantly more efficient. The company accomplishes this with its proprietary drop-in additive called Maxwell, which suspends microscopic particles of aluminum oxide in water or a mixture of water and glycol to improve heat transfer. Adding just a tiny bit to an HVAC system’s water or water-glycol mix helps juice efficiency by up to 20%. HTMS has strategic partnerships with a number of prominent companies, including Regeneron, Johnson & Johnson, and Saudi Aramco, and in May 2024 it was accepted into Amazon’s Sustainability Accelerator to deploy Maxwell at a trio of fulfillment centers in the U.K. With support of the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova, the company is also developing a data-center coolant based on graphene to increase efficiency in those power-hungry, heat-intensive facilities.6. StratasysFor speeding up 3D printingMinnesota-based Stratasys has been a key player in the additive manufacturing industry for decades, and its origins can be traced to a frog. In 1988, Scott Crump created a toy frog for his daughter using a glue gun with a mixture of polyethylene and candle wax. It’s unclear how much the frog inspired the little girl, but the process inspired Crump to devise the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology that would later revolutionize 3D printing. Crump and his wife founded Stratasys in 1989 to commercialize FDM and grew the company into a leader in the polymer 3D printing market. Near the end of 2023, Stratasys introduced the F3300 FDM 3D Printer, capable of printing up to twice as fast as previous printers while reducing materials and labor costs by about 45%. It has since been adopted by Toyota, BAE, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of Defense. In 2024, the company add the Origin Two printer, optimized for short-run production, and launched a project with Northrop Grumman to test 3D printing on the moon. And in March 2024, Stratasys also established a first-of-its-kind Industrial Customer Advisory Board, whose 12 members include Boeing, Toyota, and TE Connectivity, to guide its development of additive manufacturing technologies in such areas as sustainability, quality and reliability, and data characterization. The company has obstacles to overcome—its third-quarter earnings saw narrowing losses but also news of a 15% reduction in employees—but the company looks well positioned to capitalize on growing adoption of additive manufacturing across numerous industries.7. Kraft HeinzFor redefining the food industry supply chain to reduce waste and forecast demandCompanies don’t thrive for more than a century without evolving with technology. Henry James Heinz founded his “catsup” company in 1876; the J.L. Kraft and Bros Company began selling cheese door-to-door in Chicago in 1909. After the two giants merged in 2015, Kraft Heinz began automating its supply-chain management system. Those enhancements helped Kraft Heinz weather COVID-19 supply chain chaos, but the pandemic revealed the risks that upstream disruptions continue to pose for procurement of ingredients and packaging materials. Since 2022, Kraft Heinz has been working to put software smarts to work across its food supply chain through a variety of initiatives: Lighthouse, a software stack to eyeball supply-chain metrics; Connected Worker, a digital platform to process and integrate insights from the company’s factories; and Digital Twin, software to model production processes in real time to watch for efficiency shortfalls and find opportunities for improvement. The combination of these projects has yielded impressive results, Kraft Heinz says: a 40% reduction in supply-chain waste (8.5% in 2024 alone), a 20% increase in sales-forecast accuracy coupled with a 35% increase in inventory-forecast accuracy, and a 6% product-yield improvement across North American factories. In 2024, the company added an AI-powered computer vision system to assess ingredient quality, which has already yielded a 12% increase in the efficiency of inspecting cucumbers on their way to pickling. Combined with other operational improvements, Kraft Heinz says this work has yielded more than $1.1 billion in gross efficiencies from 2023 through the third quarter of 2024.8. PellaFor inventing a safer way to install windowsPella has been making windows and doors for 99 years, but it wasn’t until 2024 that the privately held company pivoted to a new way to build windows and have them attached. Its Steady Set windows are built to be installed from the inside of a structure rather than the outside. That was something that 85% of window installers said they wanted, Pella representatives realized from going to job sites to watch and learn. The obvious upside for construction crews is that they can fit a window while standing on a floor indoors instead of on a ladder outdoors—Pella reports that crews installing Steady Set windows have 74% less ladder work and spend up to 72% less time outdoors. But Steady Set windows can also be installed more than three times faster than traditional outside-fit windows. And many windows are small enough that a single worker can put it into place, rather than the two workers typically required. Steady Set won a Best of IBS prize at the 2024 International Builders’ Show, and since its debut there last February, the company reports that 15% of new-construction wood window projects have now adopted Steady Set. The company estimates 2024 revenue to reach $2.2 billion, a 10% jump from 2023, and Pella’s workforce has shown year-over-year growth of 6%.9. Ursa Major TechnologiesFor building rocket engines via additive manufacturingUrsa Major is targeting a simple problem: Rockets take much longer to build than they do to fly, especially when military applications are involved and conflict demands the rapid expenditure of missiles. To speed up manufacturing times, the company is leveraging additive-manufacturing techniques. Its Lynx production system allows quick 3D printing of parts for the solid rocket motors used in such munitions as anti-tank weapons—and also enables swift shifts from building one type of solid rocket motor (SRM) to another. Lynx can churn out parts fast enough to restore U.S. defense stocks that have been drawn down by aid deliveries to Ukraine; for example, one Lynx cell can print 1,600 solid-rocket motor casings for anti-tank weapons a year, more than three-quarters of the DOD’s surge-production rate for the Javelin anti-tank missile.The U.S. Navy was impressed enough to sign a $12.5 million contract with Ursa Major in September 2024 to develop three SRM prototypes and then further develop Lynx. And 2024 also saw Ursa Major’s liquid-fueled rocket efforts notch notable achievements: Its Hadley engine, built for hypersonic applications, had its first flight on Stratolaunch’s Talon TA-1 vehicle, and its Draper engine had its first ground-based “hot fire” test less than 12 months after the start of that project.10. GelatoFor facilitating customized ecommerce for online creatorsThe creator economy has grown into a $250 billion global industry that could exceed half a trillion dollars by 2027. Once associated mainly with content creators, the sector has expanded to include artisans and micro-businesses that produce physical objects for sale. But very often these online businesses cater to far-flung audiences that may not be located anywhere near printing services that can fulfill the custom orders that drive this part of the economy. Gelato has built the world’s largest network—spanning 32 countries—for local production and distribution of customized products. In March 2024, the Oslo-based company introduced GelatoConnect, an enterprise software platform that helps digital printers capitalize on the burgeoning creator market while simultaneously expanding access to printing for creators. It streamlines workflows for printers by automating the production process while integrating procurement, production, and logistics into a single platform. A study by McKinsey supported Gelato’s claims that the platform will typically increase profit margins for printers by 3% to 7%—some companies that have adopted GelatoConnect cite efficiency gains of up to 25%. In the third quarter of 2024, seven major U.S.-based digital printers (the Anstadt Company, Bennett Graphics, CBiPrint, DPI Direct, GSB Digital, Hudson Printing Company, and Quantum Group) deployed the platform. To date, the private company has raised more than $284 million from a number for venture groups, including DN Capital, Goldman Sachs, and Insight Partners.Explore the full 2025 list of Fast Company’s Most Innovative Companies, 609 organizations that are reshaping industries and culture. We’ve selected the companies making the biggest impact across 58 categories, including advertising, applied AI, biotech, retail, sustainability, and more.

Babies With Heart Defects Also Prone To Cancer

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTUESDAY, March 18, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- Newborns with a heart defect may have two strikes against their...

By Dennis Thompson HealthDay ReporterTUESDAY, March 18, 2025 (HealthDay News) -- Newborns with a heart defect may have two strikes against their future health, rather than one.Babies with heart birth defects appear to have a higher risk of developing childhood cancer, compared to those without a heart abnormality, researchers report in the journal Circulation.Childhood cancers are 66% higher in newborns with a congenital heart defect, compared to those born with healthy hearts, researchers say.Further, cancer risk was more than double in newborns with heart defects that included blood vessels or heart valves, and twice higher among those with complex defects, results show.“The genetic variants inherited from the mother may provide the necessary environment for cancer to develop in congenital heart defect patients, highlighting a possible shared genetic pathway underlying both conditions,” senior researcher Dr. June Huh, a professor of cardiology at Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, said in a news release.In the U.S., about 12 in every 1,000 births involve a congenital heart defect, researchers said in background notes.For the study, researchers analyzed more than 3.5 million live births that occurred in South Korea between 2005 and 2019, following all newborns for an average of 10 years.Newborns with valve or vessel problems were 2.3 times more likely to develop cancer later in childhood, and those with complex heart defects 2 times more likely, results show.That cancer risk extended to moms as well, researchers noted.Mothers of children with heart defects had a 17% higher risk of cancer, results show.“This finding needs to be further explored to understand if there are environmental factors affecting genes (epigenetics) or stress-related changes linking congenital heart defects with maternal cancer risk,” American Heart Association expert Dr. Keila Lopez said in news release.“There is some data that suggests stress is related to cancer risk, and having a child with a congenital heart defect can be very stressful,” said Lopez, an associate professor of pediatric cardiology at Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston. “So having studies that investigate and demonstrate all the links between cancer and congenital heart defects will help us understand lifelong risks of not only heart defects but also the development of cancer within families.”SOURCE: American Heart Association, news release, March 17, 2025Copyright © 2025 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

California bill would restore wetlands protections in wake of Supreme Court ruling

A Supreme Court ruling placed limits on federal protections for many streams and wetlands. A bill in California's Legislature seeks to restore safeguards.

California lawmakers are proposing legislation that aims to reestablish safeguards for the state’s streams and wetlands in response to a Supreme Court ruling limiting federal clean water regulations. Supporters say the legislation has taken on heightened urgency as the Trump administration begins to scale back protections for many streams and wetlands, making them vulnerable to pollution and worsening water quality. “We need clean water to drink, to grow our food, to safely bathe and swim in, to support healthy ecosystems and the environment,” said state Sen. Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica), who introduced the bill. “It’s about protecting our water supply, and it’s a common-sense measure that simply restores the protections that our waterways have always enjoyed since 1948.”Federal standards have since 1948 limited pollution discharges into waterways. Such standards later became a central part of the federal Clean Water Act, adopted in 1972.In Sackett vs. EPA, the Supreme Court ruled in 2023 that Clean Water Act protections don’t apply to many wetlands and ephemeral streams, which flow when it rains but otherwise sit dry much of the time. The court ruled that the law’s protections for the “waters of the United States” apply only to wetlands and streams that are directly connected to navigable waterways.The decision was supported by groups representing developers and the agriculture industry, who say the EPA had overstepped its authority by restricting private property owners from developing their land.California officials and clean water advocates counter that the rollback of protections will jeopardize vital water sources and ecosystems throughout the arid West.“It should be recognized as not just a threat to water quality but overall quality of life, and frankly, a threat to our state,” said Assemblymember Ash Kalra (D-San José), the bill’s co-author. Kalra said the court ruling has stripped federal protections “from many of our most precious wetlands and streams, each a crucial linkage in a complex water network that undergirds every animal, every plant, every human being in our state.”The bill, SB 601, would restore previous protections for California’s wetlands and streams by requiring permits for pollution discharges from businesses and construction projects. The measure calls for state standards that meet or exceed the regulations previously in place during the Biden administration.“This was a system that was working well,” Allen said. “We’ve got to step up.”The legislation, he said, effectively rolls back the clock prior to the court decision to maintain protections, and “enshrines a new framework into state law.” Under the bill, titled the Right to Clean Water Act, the State Water Resources Control Board would be tasked with implementing and enforcing the rules. A cormorant presides over what’s left of a snorkeling pool in the drying Kern River in Bakersfield. (Gary Kazanjian / For The Times) “It’s critical that our state protects our waterways in the same way that we have over the last 50 years,” said Sean Bothwell, executive of the group California Coastkeeper Alliance, which is supporting the legislation.He called the Supreme Court ruling misguided, saying it was biased toward waterways in the wetter East Coast climate, and doesn’t fit California’s reality, where many streams flow only when it rains.“Our Mediterranean climate doesn’t allow for our rivers and streams, and the creeks that flow into them, to flow permanently,” Bothwell said. “What this bill does is it maintains the protections that Californians have enjoyed.”While the legislation is being discussed in Sacramento, the federal Environmental Protection Agency has begun to revise the so-called Waters of the United States rule to bring regulations into line with the Supreme Court ruling.Announcing plans for the regulatory rollback last week, the EPA said the agency, acting together with the Army Corps of Engineers, will “move quickly to ensure that a revised definition follows the law, reduces red-tape, cuts overall permitting costs, and lowers the cost of doing business.” The EPA said it will begin its review by seeking input from stakeholders.“We want clean water for all Americans supported by clear and consistent rules,” EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin said in the announcement. He said the previous version of the regulations “placed unfair burdens on the American people and drove up the cost of doing business.”The EPA has also announced plans to roll back more than two dozen other regulations, which environmentalists say would severely harm the nation’s progress in addressing air and water pollution.Bothwell said the EPA’s new rule, once adopted, might go beyond the Supreme Court ruling and make it “more sweeping than it already was.”Without the state legislation, he said, the combination of the court decision and the Trump administration’s pullback of regulations will leave seasonal streams and many wetlands without Clean Water Act protections. “We can no longer rely upon the federal government to protect and provide clean and affordable water,” Bothwell said.State officials and environmental advocates have said because about 90% of California’s wetlands have already been drained and destroyed, strong protections for those that remain are vital.Whether protective measures are in place could affect the state’s aquatic ecosystems. There are nearly 4,000 freshwater species in California, and researchers at the Public Policy Institute of California said in a report last year that there are no protections in place for many species that are threatened.“Our waters are connected. Our freshwater ecosystems, groundwater aquifers, rivers, wetlands and other waterways are all interconnected,” said Ashley Overhouse, a water policy advisor for the nonprofit group Defenders of Wildlife.She said when pollution flows into wetlands or streams, the effects on threatened species and water quality can be widespread, harming ecosystems that are also suffering from the effects of climate change.The bill would provide “clarity and efficient protections for the state at a time of regulatory and political uncertainty,” Overhouse said.The ultimate goal, she said, is to ensure “a future where clean, healthy water is guaranteed for all communities and all wildlife.”

Thames Water data reveals raw sewage discharges in rivers rose 50% in 2024

Exclusive: Almost 300,000 hours of raw effluent poured into waterways, figures show, up from 196,000 in 2023A record 50% more raw sewage was discharged into rivers in England by Thames Water last year compared with the previous 12 months, data seen by the Guardian reveals.Thames, the largest of the privatised water companies, which is teetering on the verge of collapse with debts of £19bn, was responsible for almost 300,000 hours of raw sewage pouring into waterways in 2024 from its ageing sewage works, according to the data. This compares with 196,414 hours of raw effluent dumped in 2023.The Amersham balancing tanks in Buckinghamshire, which are supposed to safely store excess sewage after heavy rain, discharged 4,842 hours of raw sewage in 2024.Amersham was the scene of the longest unbroken individual discharge, when the equivalent of 154 days of raw sewage spilled into the River Misbourne, a chalk stream, last year.Marlborough sewage treatment works dumped raw sewage for 2,786 hours.At the Chesham sewage treatment works there were 2,681 hours of sewage discharges. Continue reading...

A record 50% more raw sewage was discharged into rivers in England by Thames Water last year compared with the previous 12 months, data seen by the Guardian reveals.Thames, the largest of the privatised water companies, which is teetering on the verge of collapse with debts of £19bn, was responsible for almost 300,000 hours of raw sewage pouring into waterways in 2024 from its ageing sewage works, according to the data. This compares with 196,414 hours of raw effluent dumped in 2023.The data, obtained by the analyst Peter Hammond in answer to an environmental information request to the company, comes after Thames Water won approval from the court of appeal for a £3bn emergency debt bailout to avoid collapse.Environmental campaigners and a small group of Thames’s creditors unsuccessfully challenged the bailout loan on the grounds it was not in the public interest and would continue a “Thames Water debt doom loop”. They argued temporary nationalisation under a special administration regime would be a better option.The raw sewage discharge data from event duration monitors on Thames Water combined sewer overflows, pumping stations and treatment works reveals the scale of the investment challenge ahead to fix its crumbling infrastructure.To pay for the investment Thames Water is seeking to raise household bills by 59% over the next five years in an appeal to the Competiton and Markets Authority, far higher than the 35% that the regulator, Ofwat, has approved.Thames Water’s sewage treatment works were responsible for almost 90% of the 298,081 hours of raw sewage it released into rivers in 2024, the data shows. The works are already subject to a criminal Environment Agency (EA) investigation into illegal sewage dumping and a parallel inquiry by Ofwat, which has ordered the water company to move at pace to put things right.Thames has admitted it has left its sewage treatment works to crumble for decades as a result of underinvestment. Its own business documents say it has “sweated these assets” by failing to invest in their upkeep, and as a result its infrastructure poses a risk to public safety, water supply and to the environment.The data also shows that raw sewage was discharged from its network of combined sewer overflows, which are supposed to be used only in exceptional circumstances, and from sewage pumping stations. According to the spill data: The Amersham balancing tanks in Buckinghamshire, which are supposed to safely store excess sewage after heavy rain, discharged 4,842 hours of raw sewage in 2024. Amersham was the scene of the longest unbroken individual discharge, when the equivalent of 154 days of raw sewage spilled into the River Misbourne, a chalk stream, last year. Marlborough sewage treatment works dumped raw sewage for 2,786 hours. At the Chesham sewage treatment works there were 2,681 hours of sewage discharges. Steve Reed, the environment secretary, has promised to clean up rivers and has set a target for water companies to achieve an average of 10 spills per sewage overflow by 2050. There was an average of 45.2 spills per overflow in 2024, according to the latest Thames data.Ash Smith, of Windrush Against Sewage Pollution, who monitors raw sewage pollution into the River Windrush, said: “Thames Water has become reliant on dumping sewage and paying dividends and bonuses while the billpayer funds everything.“The regulator’s inactivity and inertia plays a vital role in allowing this and to call it a scandal is an understatement.”skip past newsletter promotionThe planet's most important stories. Get all the week's environment news - the good, the bad and the essentialPrivacy Notice: Newsletters may contain info about charities, online ads, and content funded by outside parties. For more information see our Privacy Policy. We use Google reCaptcha to protect our website and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.after newsletter promotionThe analysis suggests discharges are taking place in breach of the permit rules for the treatment works and could be illegal. For example, according to Hammond’s analysis, Marlborough sewage treatment discharged raw sewage for 26 days into the River Kennet, a chalk stream that is a site of special scientific interest. The spills were illegal, Hammond believes, because they took place on dry days in breach of the legal permit to operate.Thames Water said the data had to be verified by the EA and could be subject to change. “In 2024 we experienced one of the wettest years on record. Storm discharges are closely correlated with rainfall and groundwater conditions, and we therefore experienced an increase in the frequency and duration of storm discharge events during 2024,” the water company said.“We know how much people enjoy and appreciate rivers, which is why over the next five years we will deliver a record amount of investment to address our ageing infrastructure. This is an enormous undertaking; we are responsible for the oldest and most complex infrastructure of any company in the sector.”It added: “While all storm discharges are unacceptable, the sewage system was historically designed to prevent sewage backing up into people’s homes. Transparency is at the heart of what we do, and we were the first water company to publish a real time data map on our website, before it became legal requirement to do so.”Hammond, a professor of computational biology at University College London, now retired, is an expert on water company raw sewage discharges. His evidence to MPs on the environmental audit committee in 2021 showed the scale of illegal raw sewage discharges by water companies was 10 times greater than the EA estimated, prompting the biggest criminal investigation by the agency into illegal spills and the parallel Ofwat investigation. Both investigations are ongoing.

Net zero by 2050 'impossible' for UK, says Badenoch

The Conservative leader says the target is impossible "without a serious drop in our living standards or by bankrupting us".

Net zero by 2050 'impossible' for UK, says BadenochSam FrancisPolitical reporterPA MediaKemi Badenoch has said it is "impossible" for the UK to meet its net zero target by 2050 - a goal set by a previous Conservative government.The UK is legally committed to reaching net zero by 2050 under a law passed by Theresa May in 2019. It means the UK must cut carbon emissions until it removes as much as it produces, in line with the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement.Badenoch said net zero cannot be achieved by 2050 "without a serious drop in our living standards or by bankrupting us".The Conservative leader did not set out a replacement for the target, but her words mark a sharp break from years of political consensus.A source close to Badenoch said the Conservative leader still backs net zero, but not by 2050. In a preview of a speech on Tuesday, Badenoch called lower energy costs and environmental protection "noble aims" but said current policies were "largely failing" to improve nature, while raising energy prices.She said: "We're falling between two stools - too high costs and too little progress. "Net zero by 2050 is impossible. "I don't say that with pleasure. Or because I have some ideological desire to dismantle it - in fact, we must do what we can to improve our natural world."She will say she is not making a "moral judgment" on net zero or debating whether climate change exists. But she said her Tory party is going to "deal with the reality" of the target, something she argues Labour and past Conservative governments ignored.Badenoch's speech kicks off a new chapter in her leadership, launching an overhaul of Conservative policies - starting with energy and net zero.Badenoch won her party's leadership on a promise to return the Conservatives to "first principles" before setting out detailed policies.In her speech, Badenoch will announce details of a "policy renewal programme" - putting each of her shadow cabinet in charge of a policy area.Badenoch's comments come as governments worldwide are investing in renewables to meet international climate targets and lower carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.The UN and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have warned that global CO2 emissions must reach net zero by then to limit global temperature rises to 1.5C.Target areas for cutting emissions include:reducing air travel minimising energy useimproving home insulation and energy efficiencyswitching to electric vehiclesreplacing gas central heating with electric systems such as heat pumpscutting consumption of red meatLabour is expanding renewable energy and said in its election manifesto it would invest £8.3bn in Great British Energy, a state-owned clean energy company, over five years.Electricity is increasingly generated from renewable energy in the UK, and the cost of renewable generation has significantly fallen in the past decade.Labour promised to bring down household energy bills by "up to £300 by 2030" - and Energy Secretary Ed Miliband has stood by the pledge.But UK energy bills went up in January, and are expected to rise again in April.The main reason for high energy prices in the UK has been an increase in the price of gas, which has been the largest source of fuel for years.A Labour spokesperson said: "Kemi Badenoch claims she's ready to 'deal with reality' while remaining in complete denial about the reality of the Tories' appalling record in government."The Tory leader's position is at odds with her own historic views. In government, she openly championed net zero."It's clear the Conservatives stand for nothing and have learned absolutely no lessons. They haven't changed."As a minister, Badenoch promoted the 2050 target as "crucial" to "achieve a cleaner, green future".Some Conservative voices criticised her latest move.Sam Hall, Director of the Conservative Environment Network, called it a "mistake" and argued Badenoch's speech "undermines the significant environmental legacy of successive Conservative governments".He said Badenoch was right to criticise Labour's approach, but argued "the net zero target is driven not by optimism but by scientific reality; without it climate change impacts and costs will continue to worsen". But Lord Craig Mackinlay, a Conservative peer and net zero sceptic, praised Badenoch's "reality check" on the 2050 target."Most of the world has already given up any pretence that it is affordable or achievable," said Lord Mackinlay, founder of the Net Zero Scrutiny Group."Intermittent renewables that only stack up on the back of buckets of taxpayer cash are not the answer when we need cheap, reliable and secure energy."Her comments suggest she is not expecting to go as far as Reform UK, which has called for net zero targets to be scrapped in their entirety.Last month, Reform UK deputy leader Richard Tice said his party "will scrap net stupid zero" if it won the next general election, and recover money paid in subsidies to wind and solar companies via a series of new taxes.

Once named world’s ugliest animal, blobfish wins New Zealand’s fish of the year

Made up of blobby tissue and living deep in the ocean, the distinctive species beat the longfin eel and pygmy pipehorse in the annual contestIt was once crowned the “world’s ugliest animal” and now the disgruntled-looking gelatinous blobfish has a new gong to its name: New Zealand’s fish of the year.The winning species of blobfish, Psychrolutes marcidus, lives in the highly pressurised depths off the coasts of New Zealand and Australia and has developed a unique anatomy to exist. Blobfish do not have a swim bladder, a full skeleton, muscles or scales. Instead, their bodies are made up of blobby tissue with a lower density than water that allows them to float above the seafloor. Continue reading...

It was once crowned the “world’s ugliest animal” and now the disgruntled-looking gelatinous blobfish has a new gong to its name: New Zealand’s fish of the year.The winning species of blobfish, Psychrolutes marcidus, lives in the highly pressurised depths off the coasts of New Zealand and Australia and has developed a unique anatomy to exist. Blobfish do not have a swim bladder, a full skeleton, muscles or scales. Instead, their bodies are made up of blobby tissue with a lower density than water that allows them to float above the seafloor.The species is believed to be able to live to 130 years old, is slow growing and slow moving, says Konrad Kurta, a spokesperson from the Mountains to Sea Conservation Trust that runs the annual competition.“It sort of sits there and waits for prey to come very close and practically walk into its mouth before it eats them,” he says. It is also a “dedicated parent” with females laying up to 100,000 eggs in a single nest, which they protect until they hatch.The fish found fame over a decade ago after a crew member on a New Zealand research vessel snapped a photograph of the rarely seen animal. Its distinctive appearance was quickly adopted into meme culture.The pressure of the water forces their shape into that of a regular – albeit bulbous – fish but out of the depths they can resemble “a failed medical experiment”, Kurta said.“Regrettably, when it is pulled up … that sudden decompression causes it to become all disfigured,” Kurta says.The longfin eel came third in the New Zealand fish of the year contest. Photograph: Lorna DooganLittle is known about their conservation status due to a lack of research, but their populations and habitat are considered vulnerable to deep-sea trawling.“Blobfish are fairly frequently pulled up from the bottom-trawling of orange roughy,” Kurta said.The Mountains to Sea Conservation Trust launched the Fish of the Year competition in 2020, inspired by the highly popular Bird of the Year. This year saw the highest number of votes cast in its competition – 5,583 in 2025, compared with 1,021 last year.The blobfish won on 1,286 votes, pipping the orange roughy by 300 votes, despite the latter having powerful backers including Greenpeace, Forest & Bird and the Environmental Law Initiative.“We are very pleased for the blobfish,” said Aaron Packard, a spokesperson for Environmental Law Initiative. “From an ecosystem perspective, a win for blobfish is a win for orange roughy.”New Zealand is responsible for about 80% of the global orange roughy catch. Environmental watchdogs regularly call for a halt on fishing the species due to the destructive effects of bottom trawling on ecosystems and vulnerabilities in fish populations.Other contenders in the competition included the mysterious longfin eel – known as tuna in Māori language – a pygmy pipehorse, a critically endangered mud-fish, sharks and rays.“We have a dizzying variety of native marine and freshwater fish,” Kurta says, adding roughly 85% are considered vulnerable.“That [these fish] exist is often the first step to getting people invested and interested in what’s happening below the waterline.”

Mysterious sea foam on South Australian beaches reportedly leaves more than 100 surfers ill

Leafy seadragons, fish, and octopuses among creatures to have washed up dead on both Waitpinga Beach and Parsons BeachFollow our Australia news live blog for latest updatesGet our breaking news email, free app or daily news podcastA mysterious foam on a South Australian beach is being blamed for more than 100 surfers becoming ill, and for the deaths of leafy seadragons, fish, and octopuses.Health authorities have closed Waitpinga and Parsons Beach, about 80km south of Adelaide, and say the foam could be due to a microalgal bloom driven by hot temperatures, still water, and an ongoing marine heatwave.Sign up for Guardian Australia’s breaking news email Continue reading...

A mysterious foam on a South Australian beach is being blamed for more than 100 surfers becoming ill, and for the deaths of leafy seadragons, fish, and octopuses.Health authorities have closed Waitpinga and Parsons Beach, about 80km south of Adelaide.“It’s just covered in a really heavy, dense, yellow foam, with a fair bit of green, slimy, scummy stuff on the beach at the tidelines,” local surfer Anthony Rowland said.Rowland posted pictures online of dead sea creatures washed up on the beach, including the seadragons, which are close relatives of seahorses.The pictures show the foam bubbling over rocks and forming snaking coloured lines in the sand.“Some of the foam has a bit of rainbow effect in the bubbles,” Rowland said.After going out in the water on the weekend, he had a respiratory reaction.“I was really raspy. It was sort of like when you inhale a potent cleaning product, if you’re cleaning a kitchen sink or something. It hit the back of my throat,” he said.The reaction to his post was “absolutely overwhelming”, he said, adding that he and others worked out there were more than 100 people affected. And he is worried that it is spreading to other beaches on the Fleurieu Peninsula.“In the last 24 hours there’s dead fish along Victor (Harbor), Middleton, Encounter Bay. It’s definitely hit the Victor coast, and there are dead octopuses in Middleton,” he said.Marine life has washed up on the beach amid a ‘heavy, dense, yellow foam’. Photograph: Anthony RowlandA state environment department spokesperson said in a statement that the beaches were closed “in the interest of safety” and that authorities were investigating.“Waitpinga Beach and Parsons Beach within the Newland Head Conservation Park will be temporarily closed to the public in response to a fish mortality event in the area,” the spokesperson said.“The beaches will be re-opened as soon as possible.”The South Australian Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) told NewsWire: “It is believed the event could be due to a microalgal bloom that has been driven by hot temperatures and still water and an ongoing marine heatwave, with temperatures currently 2.5C warmer than usual, with little wind and small swell contributing to conditions.”South Australia is experiencing drought conditions and has had recent bouts of extremely hot weather.

Fired workers return to federal agencies — but are put on paid leave

As a result of recent court orders, federal employees are returning to their jobs — but are being put on paid leave. A spokesperson for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) told The Hill that as a result of a court restraining order, it was rescinding the terminations of 419 employees. The spokesperson said that these...

As a result of recent court orders, federal employees are returning to their jobs — but are being put on paid leave. A spokesperson for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) told The Hill that as a result of a court restraining order, it was rescinding the terminations of 419 employees. The spokesperson said that these employees are “mostly in an administrative leave status.” The Hill also obtained a notice that the Commerce Department sent to a staffer it had fired. The notice said that the employee will be reinstated, but that for the time being the employee will be placed in “paid, non-duty status.” The employee will remain on paid leave until the court case is resolved or until the department decides otherwise, according to the notice viewed by The Hill. Employees are subject to being fired again depending on the ultimate outcome of the case. It’s not immediately clear how many people received such notices or whether other agencies were similarly placing employees on paid leave. Tens of thousands of staffers across the government were laid off after a directive to fire workers who were considered “probationary” — those who were relatively new to their agency or who had recently been promoted. The Hill previously reported that hundreds at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which is inside the Department of Commerce, and about 400 at the EPA were let go as part of this purge.  The Commerce Department and the White House did not immediately respond to The Hill’s requests for comment.  The latest news comes after a judge ruled last week that probationary workers had to be reinstated.  However, more firings are expected in the weeks ahead, as the Trump administration seeks additional staff cuts. Another 1,000 workers are slated to be cut at NOAA, while the National Park Service could lose 30 percent of its payroll. 

Grass-fed beef no better when it comes to carbon emissions, researchers find

Other scientists say grass-fed beef still wins out on other factors like animal welfare or local environmental pollution.

For cattle fattened in fields instead of feedlots, the grass may be greener, but the carbon emissions are not.A study out Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences finds that even in the most optimistic scenarios, grass-fed beef produces no less planet-warming carbon emissions than industrial beef. The finding calls into question the frequent promotion of grass-fed beef as a more environmentally friendly option. Still, other scientists say grass-fed beef wins out on other factors like animal welfare or local environmental pollution, complicating the choice for conscientious consumers.“I think that there is a large portion of the population who really do wish their purchasing decisions will reflect their values,” said Gidon Eshel, a research professor of environmental physics at Bard College and one of the study’s authors. “But they are being misled, essentially, by the wrong information.”When it comes to food, beef contributes by far the most emissions fueling climate change and is one of the most resource- and land-intensive to produce. Yet demand for beef around the world is only expected to grow. And carefully weighing the benefits of grass-fed beef matters because in most parts of the world where beef production is expanding, such as South America, it’s being done by deforesting land that would otherwise store carbon, said Richard Waite of the World Resources Institute.Experts say this study’s finding makes sense because it’s less efficient to produce grass-fed cattle than their industrial counterparts. Animals that are fattened up in fields instead of feedlots grow more slowly and don’t get as big, so it takes more of them to produce the same amount of meat.The researchers used a numerical model of the emissions produced across the process of raising beef, then simulated many herds of industrial and grass-fed cattle. It compared differences in how much food they would eat, how much methane and carbon dioxide they would emit and how much meat they would produce. Those differences mirror real-life scenarios; cattle in arid New Mexico and lush northern Michigan have different inputs and outputs.Eshel and his team also analyzed previous studies that examined how much cattle grazing promotes carbon storage, but found that even in the best-case scenarios, the amount of carbon that grasses could sequester didn’t make up for the emissions of the cattle.Randy Jackson, a professor of grassland ecology at University of Wisconsin-Madison who was not involved in the study, said he has found similar results in his own research showing that grass-fed beef has higher emissions assuming the same demand. In fact, Eshel’s team cited his work. But he worries that the study is too focused on minimizing emissions “without concern for the environmental impacts beyond GHG load to the atmosphere,” like biodiversity and soil and water quality, he wrote in an email.The American Grassfed Association, a nonprofit membership group for producers of grass-fed livestock, did not immediately provide a comment on the study.Jennifer Schmitt, who studies the sustainability of U.S. agricultural supply chains at the University of Minnesota and also wasn’t involved in the study, said she thinks the paper “helps us get a little closer to answering the question of maybe how much beef should we have on the landscape versus plant proteins,” she said.Schmitt said maybe if beef was scaled back on a large enough scale and if farmers could free up more cropland for other foods that humans eat, the localized environmental benefits of grass-fed cattle could make up for the fact that they come with higher emissions.It would be harder to convince Eshel, however. He thinks climate change is “second to none” when it comes to global problems and should be prioritized as such.“I have a hard time imagining, even, a situation in which it will prove environmentally, genuinely wise, genuinely beneficial, to raise beef,” Eshel said.For consumers who truly want to be environmentally conscious, he added, “don’t make beef a habit.”-- Melina Walling, The Associated Press

‘It’s a history lesson’: fossil fish up to 16m years old found perfectly preserved in central NSW

Fossils retain microscopic structural features including stomach contents and provide first detailed evidence in Australia for fish called OsmeriformesGet our breaking news email, free app or daily news podcastFossil fish so exquisitely preserved that scientists have been able to reconstruct their final days from up to 16m years ago have been discovered in central New South Wales.Several fossils of small freshwater fish, embedded in an iron-rich mineral called goethite at the McGraths Flat fossil site, have retained microscopic structural features including their stomach contents and the outlines of cells that determine colour. Continue reading...

Fossil fish so exquisitely preserved that scientists have been able to reconstruct their final days from up to 16m years ago have been discovered in central New South Wales.Several fossils of small freshwater fish, embedded in an iron-rich mineral called goethite at the McGraths Flat fossil site, have retained microscopic structural features including their stomach contents and the outlines of cells that determine colour.This unusual level of detail – including the slender shape of the fish and position of its bones and fins – has revealed a lot about the species, called Ferruaspis brocksi, said lead author Dr Matthew McCurry, curator of palaeontology at Australian Museum.“In palaeontology there’s often so many gaps. Normally we just find isolated bones of a particular species,” McCurry said. “We can’t often see the whole animal, and we rarely see things like soft tissues preserved.”A fossil of stomach contents of the species called Ferruaspis brocksi shows that it fed predominantly on phantom midge. Photograph: Salty Dingo/Australian MuseumThe find, published in Vertebrate Palaeontology, has provided the first detailed evidence in Australia for a group of fish called the Osmeriformes, which today include graylings and smelts, McCurry said.Unusually, the fossils retained remnants of colour cells, called melanophores, including the tiny melanin-containing granules inside called melanosomes (measuring just over a thousandth of a millimetre).Co-author Assoc Prof Dr Michael Frese, a virologist adept at microscopy and based at the University of Canberra, said this level of detail “pushed the boundaries” of what could be preserved.From these microscopic details, the authors determined the fish were “counter shaded” – darker at the top and lighter at the belly – with two stripes along their sides.Also preserved were the animals’ stomach contents, and in some cases the intestinal tract.Frese said when viewed under a high-powered microscope, the fish bellies were full of the antennae of phantom midge larvae (a type of insect), bits and pieces of half-digested wings, and even a small mussel, or bivalve.These minute details offered a glimpse into the life of the fish in its final days, he said.The fossils were buried at the bottom of a lake like a billabong that was separated from nearby rivers, he said. Yet a second tiny bivalve, attached to a fish fin, suggested the animals came from a nearby river.That river might have flooded or otherwise spilled over into the lake, where the fish probably gorged themselves on phantom midge larvae. “They died with a full stomach,” Frese said.Illustration of species called Ferruaspis brocksi. Photograph: Alex BoersmaThe evolutionary biologist and palaeontologist Dr Alice Clement, who was not involved in the paper, said analysing melanophores to reconstruct colour patterns was a “big advancement in the study of fossil fishes”.Colours and patterns were important in the animal world – used for attracting mates, warning off predators and for camouflage. Yet the study of these characteristics in fossils was still in its infancy, she said.The species is named after Prof Jochen J Brocks, from the Australian National University, who has discovered several fossilised species at the McGraths Flat site.As well as detailed insights into the species itself, the fossils provided an “unprecedented opportunity” to understand Australia’s ancient ecosystems and the evolution of fish during the Miocene, McCurry said.The palaeontologist Prof John Long, an expert in ancient fishes at Flinders University who was not involved in the study, said fish fossils from the Miocene provided a “rare window” into ecosystems at a time of dramatic environmental change, when deserts expanded and forests declined.“It helps us appreciate the diversity of Australia’s unique fauna and how it evolved to cope with changing climatic conditions.”Frese said uncovering fossils at McGraths Flat was like flipping individual pieces of an upside-down mosaic.The fossils provide an ‘unprecedented opportunity’ to understand Australia’s ancient ecosystems, Dr Matt McCurry says. Photograph: Salty Dingo/Australian MuseumThe more you flipped, the more it revealed about the environment around the lake, he said. Over time, an even bigger picture emerged about how species evolved, and how continents and landscapes transformed at a critical point in history.“At the time these fish died and were preserved, that was a transitional period for Australia,” he said. “Basically it’s a history lesson, or a geological lesson, of what happens if the climate changes fundamentally.”

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